index 303
Astrakhan
khanate 19
lord of 226n330
town 18, 105, 106, 110, 114n232, 221
destruction by Timur Lenk 113n228
‛Atā Malik Juwaynī 4, 45, 46, 50, 51, 61n1
Atlamos see Atlamush
Atlamush, Tartar chieftain 278, 279
Avdula (Abdullah), khan of the Golden
Horde 221
Avventurato, Simeone, Venetian merchant
131n310
Ayas (= Laiazzo) 46, 79, 82, 88, 95,
116n240, 119, 121, 122n277, 123, 135,
136n332
Genoese attack 160
Mamluk
occupation 195
raid 76
Tabriz route 78, 81, 115, 117
Venetian looting 116n244
Aylah 69n41
‛Ayn Jālūt, battle of 57, 70
‛Ayn Tāb 75n71
Azak, Azag see Tana
Azerbaijan 29, 38, 43, 50–52, 63, 88, 92,
96, 139, 169, 170, 174, 199, 201, 218, 239,
240
Chobanid rule 200
occupation by Chormaghun 43
Golden Horde rule 47, 218n295
Azov, sea 113n229, 147
Baatu see Batu
Baba Saltuq see Saru Saltuq
Babadag 265
Bāb al-Ḥadīd see Iron Gates
Bāb al-Mandabi (= Babelmandeb) see Aden
Babil see Baghdad
Baġdād see Baghdad
Baghdad 16n48, 23, 27, 48, 49n52, 63,
66n27, 84, 120, 123n279, 139
fall of 1258 15, 56, 121
Genoese shipbuilding 83
shifting of trade routes 122
shipyards 86n119
Baghras 72n56
Baiju, Tartar general 63
Bailakan 200
Balaklava see Cembalo
Baldac, Baldaco see Baghdad
balis or balish 105
Balkan Peninsula 245, 265, 274
Balkhash 42n23
Barcelona 73n59
Barda 200
Bar Hebraeus (= Gregory Abu ’l-Faraj),
catholicos of the Syriac Ortodox
Church, historian 83n105
Barbaro, Iosafato, Venetian
merchant 112n228, 113n228
Basarab Ivanko, voyvode, founder of the
Wallachian Principality 271–278
Bascra, Basora see Basra
Bashkirs 240n387
Basra 23, 83n105, 121n274, 122n278
battle of 34
Batu, khan of the Golden Horde 10n29,
18n58, 42, 50, 63, 108n210, 114, 146, 220
condominium with Möngke 52, 62, 66
conquers Fertile Crescent 147
death 55, 66
dispute over Tabriz 49
hegemony over Central Asia 54
founder of the Golden Horde 43, 44
government 45
lack of interest in Black Sea 147
letter from Baybars 90
policy toward Silk Road 46
privileges to Seljuks, Cilician Armenians
and Syrians 53
protector of merchants and trade 45
relationship to Güyük 51
yarlïks to Seljukids 46
Batumi 125n289
Baudac see Baghdad
Bayalun-khatun, wife of Özbek 265n497
Baybars see al-Malik al-Ẓāhir Baybars
Baybars, Rukn al-dīn, Mamluk historian
66n27, 90n131, 162n80, 165n89, 170n107,
172n112, 173n115, 250n426, 251n435,
253n440, 254n443, 255n450, 262n483
Bayburt 117
Bechangur nuncius Coia, Tartar witness
279n560
Bedouins 24, 25
Beijing 106, 120n268, 126
bishop of 103
capture by Chinggis Khan 37
Qubilai’s court 67
Beirut 79n85
Béla IV, king of Hungary 45n34, 272n525
Berdibek, khan of the Golden Horde 198,
219–221, 237n371
governor of Tabriz 218n295
Berke, khan of the Golden Horde 18n58,
62, 72, 93, 96, 202, 219, 242, 249n425,
250, 255