304 index
alliance with
Baybars 148, 175
Byzantium 243
attack on Byzantium 149, 245
Black Sea policy 241
campaign
against Abaqa 68
in Transcaucasia 148, 247, 250s
conflict with Hülegü 65n25, 66, 67,
148, 149, 247
conversion to Islam 66n27
correspondence with Baybars 66n27,
91n137, 246, 247
death 68
elected Khan 63
embassy
to egypt 153
to Persia 67
invasion of Ilkhanate 71
loss of Tabriz 148
new foreign policy 148
plot with Muslim merchants 63
receives Georgia from Möngke 53
receives the Polo family 100, 149
reprisals against Byzantium 97
successors 148
victory over Hülegü 67
Besh Tagh 109
Birecik see al-Bīra
Black Sea 1, 2, 18, 21, 23, 31–36, 87–90, 93,
97, 114, 122, 125n289, 127, 144, 145, 158,
161, 176, 182–184, 196, 213, 238n380, 241,
242, 245, 266n504, 281
Arghun’s protection 116
attempts at domination by Janibek 30
connection to Silk Road 95, 96
Cumans 141, 144
egyptian ships 171n111
free navigation for Venice 79
Genoese prominence 94, 102n178, 130,
132, 152–154, 157, 180n146, 181, 195, 206,
209–212, 223
Golden Horde policy 141, 147–151, 173,
186, 187, 193, 197, 199, 202, 203, 215,
217, 220, 235, 241
Ilkhanid policy 141, 240
Marignolli’s travel 111
Mediterranean trade 198
Mongol policy 90, 98n166, 100, 141
northern
coast 119, 147, 196–198, 202, 218, 222,
262n481
port cities 101, 142, 143, 155, 173, 198
pirates 141n1
reopening trade by Janibek 215
route to Persian Gulf 123
Rubruck’s report 146
Silk Road route to China 108
abandonment of route 112, 113
slave trade 179n141
Tabriz-Tebrizond route 49n52, 120
trade 144, 157–160, 163
“turntable” of eurasian trade 1
Venetian
attack 160
interest 104n186
participation in trade 132n319
Venetian-Genoese wars 131, 163n82
Western merchant travels 136
Blakia 146
Blue Horde (Kök Orda) 220, 221
Blue Waters see Sinie Vodï
Bohemond IV, Prince of Antioch 56,
57n95, 72n56, 73n59
Boniface VIII, pope 186n174
Bonsaet, Bonsaich see Abū Sa‛īd
Boraq, captain of the Central Asian
Mongols 188
Borsh, Ladislas, voyvode of Transylvania
272
Bosco, Gianone del, consul of Caffa 226,
235n366, 238
Bosphorus 33, 92, 154n37, 141n1, 147, 241
see also Straits
Braina, Pietro di, Genoese merchant and
diplomat 158
Braničevo, despotate of 257
Brașov 256
Brătianu, Gheorghe, Romanian historian
1, 7n19, 34
Bucovina 259n468
Bujak 254, 266, 267, 270, 271, 276, 278,
279
Bukhara 38, 100
Bulaq, khan of the Golden Horde 221
Bulaq-Khatun, wife of noghai 251
Bulat-Bey, Tartar general 237
Bulgars 109, 142
Bulgaria 184, 267
Little 146
incorporated into Golden Horde 265
Volga ~ 43, 142
Bulgarians 93, 261, 275
auxiliaries to Mongol army 97,
240n387, 249, 267, 268, 270, 273, 275
empire 43, 257, 258, 264, 266
lands 260
troops 245