306 index
Chersonesos see Kherson
Chilia 279n560
China 3, 8, 30, 40–42, 49, 55, 61, 64, 67,
100–103, 111, 121, 125–129, 149, 156, 1755,
213n274
account of Pegolotti 105–108
death of Möngke 57
Marco Polo’s voyage 4, 32
northern 28
conquest by Chinggis Khan 38, 39
Southern 28
Silk Road 20
trade connections to Black Sea 18, 21
Chinazzo, daniele di, Venetian chronicler
205n254
Chinggis Khan, founder of the Mongol
empire 10n25, 23, 26, 28, 29, 30, 37, 40,
47, 55, 64, 149, 175, 181, 251n434
campaign against Muḥammad II 41
capture of Beijing 38
confronts Muḥammad II’s merchant
envoys 38
conquest of the Silk Road 42
descendants 30
destruction of eastern Persia 29
family 8
imperial vision 25
messengers to Muḥammad II 38
reforms 24
rule over eastern Silk Road 3
successors 32, 43
testament 42
warriors 24
yassa 175
youth 24
Chinggisids 1, 4, 6–8, 10, 11, 26, 27, 35, 41,
55, 58, 69, 134
economic achievements 12
loss of power in Persia 124
Chingissid state see Chinggisids
Chios 177n136, 215n282
Choban, Mongol emir 188n187, 189,
192n200
Chormaghun, Mongol emir 29, 43
Cibanum 210n265, 213n273
Circassians 110, 224, 226n331, 240n387
Clement V, pope 129
Columbus, Christopher, Genoese explorer
15, 87
commercium 184
Constantin Tikh, Bulgarian tsar 245, 248,
249, 257
Constantinople 23, 33, 69, 79, 92n139, 94,
100, 102n178, 132n312, 134, 145, 146, 151,
154, 159, 241–243, 245, 246, 249, 257, 258
Berke’s expedition of 1264/65 97,
246
Latin empire of 147, 151
Mamluk-Mongol meeting 90
occupation by crusaders 144
Polo family’s return voyage 121, 149
see also Byzantine empire
Coron 160
Costea, voyvode of Moldavia 238n377
Cotlobuga see Qutlugh Bugha
Cotulubuga see Qutlugh Bugha
Crimea 19, 31, 43, 92n140, 102, 142, 144,
156, 161, 162, 163n82, 175n122, 177n136,
179n14, 182, 184, 195, 211n268, 216, 221,
226, 229, 231–235, 239, 252
attack by
Mongols 144
Venetians 160
caravans from Khwarezm 112
governor of 193, 203
slaves 95n151, 153, 154
crusaders see crusades
crusades 5, 33, 34, 56, 57n95, 69, 71–74,
80, 81n93, 85n114, 87n121, 94, 104n186,
115n238, 120n267, 122, 129, 144, 166n92,
Cumans 45n32, 99, 108n210, 109n213, 110,
142
armies 43
Black Sea trade 141
chieftains 144, 148
lands of 143
mercenaries 240n387
profits from trade 144
Cuman steppe (= desht-i Qïpchāq) 3,
3n7, 17, 18, 30, 42–47, 49n52, 53, 55, 63,
67, 69, 90–92, 97n162, 98–100, 104, 108,
109, 110n221, 111, 112, 114, 128n300, 141,
142, 143n10, 145, 148, 150, 165, 194, 213,
217n292, 221, 222, 250n426, 263n491, 264,
268n509, 269n518,
cunachi 227
Curtea de Argeș 276
Customs duties 6, 12, 33, 81, 164, 184, 185,
205, 220
Curzola 161
Cyprus 81, 215n282dagobert I, Merovingian king 13
damascus 23, 57, 69n41, 74
damietta 81n93
dandolo, Andreolo, Venetian merchant
108n208
danube 44, 146, 245n410, 248, 250, 251,
254, 257, 259, 266, 267, 274, 276
delta 42