16525 “sakartvelo,” droeba, no. 31 (24 March 1876):1–2.
26 “stsavlis sakme chvenshi,” kvali, no. 2 (10 January 1893):7–10.
27 ilia chavchavadze, “chveni ubeduri mtsibnobroba am saukuneshi,”
droeba, no. 2 (15 January 1870):1.
28 Ibid.
29 This interesting tension shapes the discussion of Jewish, Central Asian,
and Ukrainian history writing by Benjamin Nathans, “On Russian-Jewish
Historiography”; Adeeb Khalid, “The Emergence of a Modern Central
Asian Historical Consciousness”; and Zenon E. Kohut, “The Develop-
ment of a Ukrainian National Historiography in Imperial Russia,” in
Sanders, Historiography of Imperial Russia, 397–477. On various reformers
in Islamic regions and their relation to Russia, see Lazzerini, “Ismail Bey
Gasprinskii (Gaspirali)”; Lazzerini, “Defining the Orient”; Jersild,
“Rethinking Russia from Zardob”; and Khalid, The Politics of Muslim
Cultural Reform.
30 Cited in Rayfield, The Literature of Georgia, 198.
31 g. tsereteli, “mtiulni,” kvali, no. 3 (1893):10.
32 ingalo janashvili, “istoriuli da geograpiuli agtsera heretisa,” mogzauri,
nos. 1–4 (1903):65–75.
33 Hosking, Russia: People and Empire, 1552–1917, 9.
34 The phrase belongs to LeDonne, The Russian Empire and the World,
1700–1917.
35 Bassin, Imperial Visions, 263.
36 “Novyi shag k vostoku,” Chernomorskii vestnik, no. 1 (1 January
1900):3.
37 Schwab, The Oriental Renaissance, 186.
38 For earlier works of Bassin and other explorations of imperial ideology,
see Bassin, “Inventing Siberia”; Bassin, “Turner, Solov’ev, and the ‘Fron-
tier Hypothesis›; Becker, “The Muslim East in 19th-Century Russian
Popular Historiography”; Becker, “Russia between East and West”;
Kristof, “The Russian Image of Russia,” in Fisher, Essays in Political
Geography; Riasanovsky, “Asia through Russian Eyes”; Whittaker, “The
Impact of the Oriental Renaissance in Russia”; Slocum, “Who, and When,
Were the Inorodtsy?”; and the collection of essays in the Russian Review 53,
no. 3 (July 1994): Rieber, “Russian Imperialism”; Hokanson, “Literary Im-
perialism, Narodnost’ and Pushkin’s Invention of the Caucasus”; Barrett,
“The Remaking of the Lion of Dagestan”; Brower, “Imperial Russia and
Its Orient.”
39 Booker, Colonial Power, Colonial Texts, 19. For an exploration of this concept
in the Russian imperial context, see Werth, “From Resistance to Subver-
sion.” For a social history of shared material culture on the frontier, see
Sunderland, “Russians into Iakuts?”; and Barrett, At the Edge of Empire.
40 The reference is to Werth, “From Resistance to Subversion.”
Notes to pages 7–11