Ten Commandments, 9n, 975–976,
995, 1012, 1034, 1037, 1039, 1041
theft, 1026, 1037–1038
widows, 1019
wife slaves, 1004–1005
wife’s potion trial, 997
Wise Woman, 992
witchcraft, 1028, 1040
witnesses, 995–996
Writings, 980
written petitions, 993
Israelites, 999–1000
I“uwa, 758Jails. See Prison
Jehoshaphat, 988, 990, 992
Jeremiah. See Hebrew Bible
Jews. See also Hebrew Bible; Israel
construction of Jerusalem temple, 993
Elephantine period. See also Egypt,
subheading: Elephantine
destruction of Jewish Temple,
865, 866, 868, 869
military colony, 863, 865, 867,
868–869
Passover, 865, 866
as slaveholders, 873
Joint ownership, 56, 58
Egypt
Demotic Law, 58, 840
New Kingdom, 332
Mesopotamia
Middle Assyrian Period, 544, 551
Old Babylonian Period, 395, 396
Ugarit, 730
Joshua, Book of. See Hebrew Bible
Josiah, King of Israel, 984
Jubilee year
Israel, 1006, 1016, 1017, 1024
Judges, 30–31, 87. See also Courts
Canaan, 740, 741
divine judges. See also Oracles
Egypt Demotic Law, 828
Ebla, 230
Egypt
Demotic Law, 828, 831
Elephantine, 868, 869
Middle Kingdom and Second
Intermediate Period, 261, 265
New Kingdom, 302, 303, 306
Old Kingdom and First
Intermediate Period, 106, 107
Third Intermediate Period, 792
“Elder of the Portal”Egypt Middle Kingdom and
Second Intermediate Period, 261
Emar, 659, 660, 661
Israel, 987–988, 989, 992
king as. See King
Mesopotamia
Early Dynastic and Sargonic
Periods, 150
Middle Assyrian Period, 524
Middle Babylonian Period,
489–490, 491
Neo-Assyrian Period, 886, 890
Neo-Babylonian Period, 918, 919,
920
Neo-Sumerian Period, 193
Nuzi, 570–571
Old Assyrian Period, 441, 442
Old Babylonian Period, 366–368
priest as
Demotic Law, 821, 828, 831
Israel, 990
Mesopotamia Middle Babylonian
Period, 489
Ugarit, 721–722, 723
Judgment, 32
Egypt
Demotic Law, 831
Elephantine, 870
Middle Kingdom and Second
Intermediate Period, 265
Israel, 995, 998
Mesopotamia Early Dynastic and
Sargonic Periods, 154
oracular. See Oracles
Judicial functions. See Courts; Judges
Judicial orders, 32. See also Judgment;
Verdicts
Judicial records. See Courts, subheading:
records; Trial records
Jurisdiction
Hittite Kingdom, 630
Israel, 991
Mesopotamia
Early Dynastic and Sargonic
Periods, 157
Middle Assyrian Period, 524, 559
Old Babylonian Period, 366
Jurists, 19–20
Justice
king’s obligation to do. See KingKanish. See Mesopotamia, subheading:
Old Assyrian Period
Karnak Ostracon, 822, 828 1101
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