Historical Dictionary of United States Intelligence

spread nuclear weapons or weapons technology to states that do not possess them. Nonnuclear weapons states commit themselves to ...

military and intelligence officials and businesspeople in the resupply of the Contra rebels in Nicaragua. He was also implicated ...

analysis of the nascent atomic weapons program of the Soviet Union. By the 1970s, that program—like the functions of the old AEC ...

During the Spanish-American War of 1898, the ONI provided vi- tal information about Spanish fleet capabilities as well as detail ...

authority over guerrilla warfare. The OPC merged with the CIA’s Of- fice of Special Operations(OSO) in 1952 to form the Director ...

OPEN-SOURCE INTELLIGENCE (OSINT). OSINT is intelli- gence information collected from overt sources, such as newspapers, books, j ...

OPERATION MKULTRA.SeeMKULTRA(OPERATION). OPERATION MONGOOSE.SeeMONGOOSE (OPERATION). OPERATION MOUNTAIN.SeeMOUNTAIN (OPERATION). ...

OPERATION ZAPATA.SeeBAYOF PIGS INVASION. OPERATIONS ADVISORY GROUP. Established by President Ger- ald R. Ford’sExecutive Order 1 ...

of the United States and that Soviet premier Nikita S. Khrushchev was bluffing when he threatened nuclear war during the 1962 Cu ...

money to the South Vietnamese forces. It also authorized the Ameri- cans to help the South Vietnamese identify communists and co ...

After a stroke in 1869, Pinkerton left the management of his detec- tive agency to his sons and focused on writing several books ...

Approved by the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) on 27 June 1957, the program sought to explore Canada’s Athabasca oil sands (Oil ...

Initially, the Israeli government denied knowing of or employing Jonathan Pollard. Subsequently, the Israelis apologized for the ...

POPOV, PIOTR.Not much is known about Lieutenant Colonel Piotr Popov, except that he was a Soviet GRUofficer who in 1953 offered ...

rently a power reserved to governors, or to use the military for civil- ian defense, including enforcing quarantines in case of ...

PRESIDENTIAL FINDING.SeeFINDING. PRESIDENTIAL REVIEW DIRECTIVE (PRD). For President William J. Clinton, presidential review dire ...

PRESIDENT’S DAILY BRIEFING.This is the intelligence briefing the president and his advisors receive along with the president’s d ...

PRESIDENT’S HOMELAND SECURITY ADVISORY COUNCIL (PHSAC).Created on 19 March 2002 by executive order, the PHSAC, also known as the ...

chairs the Principals Committee. Its members, along with the national security advisor, include the secretary of state, the secr ...

States Information Agency(USIA)employed a variety of open tech- niques—cultural exchanges, newspapers, newsreels, libraries, and ...