Policing and Punishment in London, 1660-1750 - J.M. Beattie
at once. Occasionally jurors still found it necessary to withdraw to discuss a ver- dict on which they failed to agree immediate ...
to each case seems hardly to have been affected—making it clear that verdicts had been reached in most straightforward felony tr ...
masters, of men experienced in civic affairs as well as the ways of the court, mak- ing judgments about men and women who were n ...
The speed of deliberation was also facilitated by the absence of a notion that the prisoner was to be regarded as innocent and t ...
the crime. In the December 1678 session we examined earlier, for example, the judge hearing a rape case forced the jurors to rec ...
together; perhaps, in the end, it depended on the juries’ willingness to accept, even eagerness to hear, the judges’ views about ...
could alter the consequences of a conviction, for example, by acquitting the de- fendant of a non-clergyable offence and finding ...
high levels of capital punishment early in Elizabeth’s reign and support the notion that the criminal law was particularly blood ...
pardoned from a capital sentence, transported to America.^55 As a pattern of greater discrimination in both verdicts and sentenc ...
alternative sanctions. Only Winstanley among the leading critics supported the total abolition of capital punishment,^58 but mos ...
interregnum, though frequently in forms that would emphasize its deterrent rather than reformative potential by insisting that t ...
a criminal law that provided the narrowest of penal options and that continued to rely on discretionary manipulations of verdict ...
make promises ahead of the trial about verdicts or the royal pardon. None the less, the hope of a better outcome following a con ...
Considering the rapidity with which trials were conducted and the disadvan- tages under which the accused suffered, the acquitta ...
average acquittal rate in all property offences over the years 1660 – 89 was also significantly higher than the level that becam ...
than that charged in the indictment. Almost 20 per cent of the men and women faced with offences that had been removed from cler ...
century pardons in ordinary felony cases were part of the criminal process, com- monplace and accepted as essential to the manag ...
The value of an individual pardon, inscribed on parchment and issued by the Chancery under the Great Seal, was presumably that i ...
Those among the condemned who had been passed over by the bench at the conclusion of the session and ‘left to be hanged’ could p ...
Indeed, transportation seemed likely to develop after 1660 into a major elem- ent in the English penal system. It became so firm ...
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