Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions. Yu Hyongwon and the Late Choson Dynasty - James B. Palais
NOTES TO CHAPTER I 1027
- Ch'on Kwan'u. "Han'guk t'oji chedosa, ha" (part 2), p. 1402.
- Yi Kyongsik. ChosiJn chOn'gi t'oji chedo yon'gu, pp. 277. 293.
- Ch'on K wan 'u. "Han 'guk t'oji chedosa, ha" (part 2), p. 1430.
- Ibid., pp. I426. I430: Han Yong'u, "Taejong, Sejongjo ui taesajon sich'aek: sajon
iii hasamdo igup munje rul chungsim uro," p. 45.
- The tribute system was evidently not applied to every province since it was not
extended to Cheju Island until 1408, and P'yong'an and Hamgyong provinces until I413.
Tagawa Kozo, Rich6 konosei no kenkyii, pp. 3-4, 6, 2 I.
- Ibid., pp. 49-56, 59 n 15,74-79. Tagawa describes a number of hereditary occu-
pations assigned as designated service for men of commoner or slave status to gather
firewood, produce salt, raise and train falcons, or raise different types of birds, p. 234
et passim.
- Ibid., pp. 275-94.
73· Ihid .. pp. 27- 2 9.9 1 -97.
- The equivalent ofpangllap methods are mentioned in I 32 [ and [352 in the Koryo
period when merchants paid tribute to the capital bureaus first and then recouped them
from local residents at a profit, or when capital bureaus demanded advance payments
from capital rcsidents of people from local districts and then allowed them to collect
repayment from the district. Ibid., pp. 253-57, 335-37.
- Yi Sangbaek, Han'guksa: Kilnse cluln'gip'yrin, p. 484; Ch'oe Hojin, Han'guk
hwap 'ye sosa [Short history of currency in Korea] (Seoul: Somundang, 1974), pp. I I -36.
- Ch'oe Hojin, Han'guk hwap'ye s()sa, pp. 1 I-36; KRS 79:roa-16a. The dimension
of the bolt of cloth measured 35 "feet" (ch (Ik) by 2 "feet" two "inches" (ch 'on), Korean
measure. For this information and the thread count of the sae, see Sudo Yoshiyuki, "Korai
makki yori Chosen shoki ni itaru orimonogyo no hattatsu" [The Development ofthe tex-
tile industry in late Koryo and early Choson], Shakai keizaishigaku [2. no. 3 ( 1942): 16-18.
See also Yi Sanghaek, Hi/n 'guksa: Kunse chOn 'gip 'yon. pp. 484-85.
- ror discussion ofT'aejong's adoption of paper money in 1402 and [4 [0. see Ch'oe
Hojin, Hi/n 'gllk /mllp 're s()sa. pp. 55-58; Miyahara Toichi, "Chosen shoki no choka ni
tsuite" [Paper money in early Choson], (Toyoshigaku kenkyushitsu, Tokyo Kyoiku
Daigaku. T(fyiishigaku roIlS/Ut, 1954), no. 3, pp. 369-82: sec p. 380 for Miyahara's cited
opinion; Yi Chongy6ng, "Chosonch'o hwap'yeje lii pyoneh'on" [Changes in the currency
system of early Choson], lnmull kwahak 7 ([962):295-308,
78, Between 1406 and 1422 the value of paper bills dropped from 10 to 30 chang or
bills per string of cash (presumably cash imported from China). Its value dropped to III 2.5
its initial value by 1425 since the redemption fee to avoid ten strokes of punishment had
gone up from six to seventy-five bills of paper money. Cash minted by Sejong in 1423
was supposed to be worth one toe (.10 mal) of rice and T hoo p 'il of cotton cloth, but by
1425 it had fallen to .33 toe and 1/300 or [/400 p'i! of cotton cloth. It was worth less
against cloth of a higher 6-7 sae thread count (vs. the standard 5 sae), J 1600 or I/700
p'il. By 1427. one 1111111 or cash had fallen to [/7 or 1/8 toe of rice. and by 1429 it had
fallen to [/[ 2 or 1/13 toe. Miyahara Toichi, "Chosen shoki no dasen ni tsuite" [Copper
cash in Chosiin] Chiisen gakll/u) 2 (October 1951 ):88-90; Yi Chongyong, "Hwap'yeje,"
pp. 314-15; Ch'oe Hojin, Han 'guk hwap'ye sosa, p. 72,
