- chapter 7: Urbanization in Southern Etruria –
19 For example, Berardinetti et al. 1997; Toms 1998; Iaia 1999.
20 Iaia 1999: 69–71; Pacciarelli 2010: 27–8.
21 Bietti Sestieri (1997) describes the EIA polities of Etruria as early states.
22 Bartoloni 2009a: 9–11; Berardinetti et al. 1997: 332–4.
23 Boitani et al. 2007–8; Waarsenburg 2001.
24 For example, Prayon 2000; Donati 2000, for general surveys.
25 Boitani 2008: 139; Bartoloni et al. 2005; Bartoloni 2009a (Veii); Izzet 1999–2000: 138
(Caere).
26 For example, Damgaard Andersen 1997: 347.
27 Leighton 2004: 56–8, with references; Pacciarelli 2010: 32–3. For Veii, see De Santis 2005.
28 See Mandolesi 2008; Riva 2010, with references.
29 For Anatolian, North Syrian and Cypriot analogies, see Naso 1996; Mandolesi 2008: 14–15.
30 For summaries: Bonghi Jovino 2010; Leighton 2004: 40. On the burials: Bonghi Jovino
2007–8.
31 Bonghi Jovino 2005b; 2010: 168; Rathje 2006. For similarities between cult and aristocratic
residences, see also Steingräber 2001: 25.
32 Prayon 2009 (for links between sacred and secular architecture).
33 Finds under the city wall at Tarquinia and Veii: Baratti et al. 2008: 161, 165; Boitani et al.
2007–8; Cascino and Di Sarcina 2005; but more integrated with housing at Doganella and
Marzabotto (Perkins and Walker 1990: 70).
34 For example, Harrison et al. 2010, for discussion. And see note 42 below.
35 Nijboer 1997; 2004.
36 Moretti Sgubini 2008: 171 (Vulci); Cygielman and Poggesi (2008) suggest that the Roselle
walls may be late seventh century and possibly for terracing; Prayon 2005 (Castellina del
Marangone). See also Izzet 2007: 182–7; Fontaine 2008.
37 E.g. Briquel 2008.
38 Acconcia et al. 2005; Bartoloni 2007–8: 828.
39 Izzet 2007: 179–81, with references.
40 Chiaramonte Treré 2005, for roughly rectilinear parallel streets at Tarquinia.
41 Lippolis 2005, for Marzabotto; Perkins 2010: 106–7, with further examples.
42 A reduction in stature of central Italian populations during the fi rst millennium bc might be
due to increasingly unfavorable living conditions: Giannecchini and Moggi-Cecchi 2008.
43 For power and class relations, see, for example, Cerchiai 2000.
44 While the Greek colonies may have promoted such developments, forms of urban geometry
recur at various times and places, for example, in the north Italian Middle Bronze Age
“terramare” sites, and perhaps at Oderzo in the eighth century (Ruta Serafi ni and Balista
1999: 80–2).
45 For example, Bonghi Jovino 2005a (with bibliography); Zifferero (2005) suggests a more
rapid development of Caere’s hinterland not before the later seventh century; Perkins 2010,
for sixth-century transformations in the Albegna valley.
46 Cifani 2010; Stoddart 2010; Zifferero 2005, with further references.
47 Prayon 2005.
48 For example, Nijboer 2004: 147–53.
49 Bonghi Jovino 2010.
50 For example, Leighton 2004: 75–8, with references.
51 For example, Foxhall 2005 for related discussion.
52 Renfrew and Cherry 1986.
53 For example, Camporeale 2005.
54 Perkins 2010: 109 for Albegna valley estimates (with further references).
55 For example, Wilkins 1996.