égi-zi-an-na(clergy), 262
Egypt: built environment, 630 – 2 ; cylinder seals,
626 – 7 ; expansion, 622 – 3 ; glyptic art, 627 ;
imports, early, 629 ; knives, 627 ; lapis lazuli
(semi-precious stone), 623 – 6 ; legacies, 632 ; and
Mesopotamia, 620 – 36 ; mortuary contexts,
621 – 2 ; motifs, 627 – 9 ; Naqada IIC period, 622 ,
623 , 627 , 629 ; Naqada IID period, 626 , 627 ,
629 ; Nile River, 38 , 623 ; Nile Valley, 625 , 632 ;
Predynastic and Early Dynastic, 621 – 2 , 626
Eichmann, R., 76 , 89 n
Einstein, A., 201
Elam: Mesopotamian-Elamite relations, 469 – 70 ;
in texts, 569 – 71
Emberling, G., 84
Emegir (language), 100 – 1
Emesal (language), 100 – 1
en, the (clergy), 248 – 58 , 250 , 252 , 256 , 283 ;
ordination ritual (en-priestess), 253 – 5 , 257
Enanatuma, statuette, 253
Englund, R., 81 , 316 n, 565
Enheduana (daughter of Sargon of Akkad), 202 ,
211 , 212 , 257 , 379 ; Disk of, 232 , 242 n, 252 , 386 ,
387
Eninnu, 216
Enki (deity), 440 – 1
Enki and Ninmah(mythological work), 441
Enki and the World Order(mythological work),
439
Enki’s Journey to Nippur(mythological work),
440 – 1
enku-dilmun, 586 , 587
Enlil and Ninlil(mythological work), 439 – 40
Enlil and Sud(mythological work), 440
Enmebaragesi (ruler from SKL), 118 – 19 , 203
“Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta” (mythological
work), 229
Enmetena (Emetena) , 119 , 368 , 383
en-priestess, 253 – 5 , 257 , 369
ensik, 283
Epic of Gilgamesˇ, 422
Eppihimer, M., 206
eres ˇ-digˆir(queen deity), 259 – 61 , 367
ergative-absolutive language system, 96
Eridu-Ur area, 21 , 23 , 58 , 157 , 175 n; H 5 building
at, 347 ; palaces, 164 , 165 ; settlement patterns,
151 ; Uruk period, 72 , 74 , 75
ES 34 (city), 23 , 24
ES 156 (city), 24 , 27
Eshnunna (city), 58 , 147
estuaries, 19 – 20
estuarine zone, 36
ETCSL, 255 , 264 , 269 n, 316 n
e-temen-ni-gur-ru(ziggurat precinct), 194 , 195
ethno-archaeological studies, 345 , 346
Euphrates River: agriculture and land
management, 57 ; alluvial lowlands/fluvial
system, 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 ; hydraulic landscapes and
irrigation systems, 33 , 35 , 36 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 47 ;
joint Tigris–Euphrates channel, 40 ; and
physical geography, 14 , 16 , 17 , 18 ; settlement
patterns, 151 ; trade, 453 , 456 – 7 ; Upper
Euphrates, 84 , 85 ; Uruk Expansion, 83
Euphrates Valley, 19 , 485 , 486 ; Middle (cultural
developments) seecultural developments,
Western Syria and Middle Euphrates Valley
everyday life, Sumer, 345 – 58 ; third millennium
homes, 347 – 50 ; fifth and fourth millennium
homes, 346 – 7 ; cooking, eating and drinking,
352 – 3 ; death and burial, 355 – 6 ; trade and
exchange, 354 – 5 ; working from home, 353 – 5 ; see
alsohomes
evidence: archaeological seearchaeological
evidence; fashion, 379 ; field, 50 ; information
sources seeinformation sources; Mesopotamian
relations with Magan, 606 – 8 ; survey, 71 , 72 – 5 ,
464 – 5 ; textual seetextual evidence; see also
archaeology, Mesopotamian
excavations, 21 , 71 , 72 , 75 – 9 , 84 ; Diyala region,
162 ; history/chronology, 114 , 116 ; Konar Sandal,
571 – 2 ; Level IV, 77 ; Western Syria, 483
expressives (function words), 103
Eye Temple, 84fabrics: uses, 398 – 403 , 401 ; wool and linen, 396 – 8
Falkenstein, A., 277
fallow regime, biannual, 63
Fara (city), 117 , 136 , 297 , 309
Fara Style, seals, 331
‘Farmers’ Instructions’ (Georgica), 34 , 46
fashion, 378 – 92 , 393 ; in Akkadian period, 386 – 7 ;
and cylinder seals, 378 , 386 , 387 , 388 , 389 ; dress
of the gods, 385 – 6 , 388 , 389 , 392 ; in Early
Dynastic period, 378 , 379 – 86 ; Gudea, age of,
390 – 2 ; men’s dress, 378 , 382 , 383 ; military
costumes, 383 , 384 , 385 ; nudity as, 392 , 393 ; in
Old Babylonian period, 378 , 386 ; statues,
evidence of differing styles from, 379 ; Third
Dynasty of Ur, 390 – 2 ; women’s dress, 379 – 82 ,
387 – 8 , 389 , 398 ; see alsoclothes; textile
industries
felting process, 402–– Index ––