female votaries, 266
Fernea, R.A., 34 , 50
field evidence, 50
fields, agricultural, 58 – 9 ; management, 59 – 64
field survey methodologies, 133
fifth millennium BC: homes, 346 – 7 ; settlement
patterns (Sumer and Akkad), 148 – 9
finite verbal forms, 108 – 9
Finlay, M.I., 448
‘First World Empire,’ state of Akkad as, 120 – 4
fisheries, 23
Flannery, K.V., 89 n
floods: agriculture and land management, 57 ;
flood cycle, 38 – 9 ; floodplain, Tigris and
Euphrates rivers, 35 – 6 ; floodsplays, 17 ;
history/chronology, 117 , 119
fluvial system, Tigris–Euphrates, 69 , 70
foraging, 448
Forest, J.-D., 347
fortification walls, 167 , 172
Foster, B.R., 399 , 400 , 435 – 43
fourth millennium BC: agricultural landscape,
57 ; chronology, 114 ; homes, 346 – 7 ; textual
evidence, 158 ; and Uruk period, 68 , 69 , 114 ,
138
Francfort, H.-P., 571 , 573
Frankfort, H., 68 , 116 , 323 , 335 , 620 , 621 , 630 ,
633
free morphemes, 96
Frenez, D., 614
fullers and fulling, 406 , 409
function words, 102 – 4
funerals, 424 , 427 , 492
Gabbay, U., 265
gala(lamentation priest), 265 , 423
garments, 396 , 399 ; see alsofashion
Gawra, 581
géme(low social status women), 367 , 372 , 423
Geme-Lama, eresˇ-digˆirpriestess, 260 – 1 , 262
gender, in language, 102 , 104
gender neutrality, 359 , 361
genres, text, 99 , 113
Geographical Handbook, The, 38
geography: and environment, 69 – 70 ; physical,
13 – 29 ; settlement patterns (Sumer and Akkad),
131 – 2 ; Western Syria and Middle Euphrates
Valley, 478 – 80
George, D., 164
Gibson, M., 136
gifts, 448
Gilgamesh (legendary king of Uruk), 203
Giparu(high priestess), 196
Girsu (city), 119 , 264 , 306
Glazed Steatite style, seals, 327
glyptic art, 504 – 6 , 627 ; seals, 323 , 325 – 6
god-likeness of royals, 219 – 20
gods, dress of, 385 – 6 , 388 , 389
Goldstone, J., 86
Gomi, T., 317 n
grain crops, 33 , 48 , 62 – 3
Grain List, 295
Grai Resh, 346
graves, 167 , 424 – 6
Greater Mesopotamia, 69 , 74 , 442
grief, 422 – 4
growth, Smithian, 86 – 8
Gudea of Lagash, 122 , 390 – 2 ; Cylinder
Inscriptions, 207 ; seal, from Tello, 209 ; statues,
210 ; stelae of, 208
Guest, E., 46
Gula-AN, 503
Gulf, the, 448 ; Bronze Age trading system,
590 – 3 ; Central and Upper, and Mesopotamia,
586 – 8 ; early contacts (Uruk to ED II period),
579 – 88 ; early copper trade, and Oman, 579 – 83 ;
early trading relations, organization and
logistics, 589 – 90 ; Gulf route, trade, 454 , 456 ;
hydraulic landscapes and irrigation systems, 35 ;
maritime transport, 589 – 90 ; and Sumerians,
579 – 99 ; trade, 450 – 1 , 457 – 8 ; see alsoPersian
Gulf
Gutium, 122H 5 building, Eridu, 347
Habuba Kabira (Uruk town), 157 – 8 , 161 , 174 n,
347 , 450 , 451 , 629
Habuba Kabir-süd, 84
Habur region, north Mesopotamia, 324
Hacinebi, 450
Hafit period (c. 3100 – 2700 BC), 606 , 612
Hammurabi of Babylon, 49 , 145 ; law codes, 277 ,
282 , 287 , 390
Hamoukar, 84
Hansen, D., 222 n
Haradum, 173
Harappan Civilization of Pakistan/Northwest
India, 600 , 603 – 6 , 605 , 606
Harran, 500
HAR.TU-women, 367
Hasenbeyli Pass, Amanus Mountains, 513
Hassek Huyuk, 450 , 451–– Index ––