The Viking World (Routledge Worlds)

pushing the language apart and others pulling it together, we can only speculate about how closely speech in the eighth or ninth ...

R/ denotes the reflex of Germanic /z/, a voiced palatal fricative with sibilant quality. In Norway it seems to have coalesced w ...

Dynna ×kunuur×kirþi×bru×þririkstutir×iftira ̨sriþi×tutur×sina×suuasmarhanarst×a ̨haþalanti Gunnvo ̨r gerði brú, Þrýðriks dóttir, ...

Hebrides due to the relatively high density of Scandinavian speakers; in north-eastern Caithness, Orkney and Shetland because of ...

a variety of places, and by speakers of other languages besides Scandinavian. It is thus something of a surprise to find that th ...

CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE RUNES Henrik Williams I n the church of Forsa in the province of Hälsingland in north-eastern Sweden there ha ...

deviant, yet unexplained order. This writing system is called the Futhark after the initial six runes and it exists in two main ...

Spacing of words was not mandatory. Runes were not always doubled if the same character happened to occur at the end of one word ...

Brúsi lét rétta stein þenna eptir Egil, bróður sinn. En hann varð dauðr á Tafeistalandi, þá Brúsi fœrði langlenz(?) eptir bróður ...

Great Britain and Eire 76. But more are being added continuously due to new finds and updated sources.^1 It must be stressed, ho ...

other types of material. Hereditary information was deemed interesting, whether it was ‘useful’ in a legal sense or not. (Obitua ...

favourites among the Viking warriors, where hurtful actions and bad behaviour were not always frowned upon. Successful Vikings b ...

parts of ) the runic inscription and who for the ornamentive parts? Why are only certain inscriptions signed, and does the signa ...

Holman, K. ( 1996 ) Scandinavian Runic Inscriptions in the British Isles. Their Historical Context (Senter for middelalderstudie ...

Sawyer, B. ( 2000 ) The Viking-Age Rune-Stones. Custom and Commemoration in Early Medieval Scandinavia, Oxford and New York: Oxf ...

CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO POETRY IN THE VIKING AGE Judith Jesch L ong before the Viking Age, Scandinavians liked to remember their dead ...

the Viking Age was predominantly oral: it was composed, performed and transmitted without the benefit of writing. In the long ru ...

is clear both from their brevity, and the difficulty of deciding whether individual inscriptions are in verse or not (Hübler 199 ...

group of poems, but a copy of earlier versions, which can be traced back to around 1200 (Pétursson 1993 ). The early thirteenth ...

but there is no consensus on their age, though scholars agree that some of the poems are older than others, and, in particular, ...