The Age of the Democratic Revolution. A Political History of Europe and America, 1760-1800

18 Chapter I as often as eleven times within a few hundred words; and these three texts are those of Paine, Robespierre, and the ...

The Age of the Democratic Revolution 19 If we say that a revolutionary era began about 1760, it is not because any per- sons or ...

20 Chapter I In the absence of better words, and not wishing to invent more colorless socio- logical terms, we think of the part ...

The Age of the Democratic Revolution 21 gian, and Swiss patricians put down the democrats in their respective countries. Whether ...

CHAPTER II ARISTOCRACY ABOUT 1760: THE CONSTITUTED BODIES In aristocracy, the sovereign power is in the hands of a certain numbe ...

Aristocracy: The Constituted Bodies 23 meant to include the British and Irish parliaments, the American colonial assem- blies an ...

24 Chapter II such orders: merchants and landowners, cobblers and lawyers, peers and gentry, canons and priests, professors and ...

Aristocracy: The Constituted Bodies 25 service, at least for England. It appears that British servants were rowdy and insub- ord ...

26 Chapter II tage to the nobility is apparent. The King was restricted in the creation of new nobles except at his coronation. ...

Aristocracy: The Constituted Bodies 27 strengthening of aristocratic institutions. The most burgher- like of Prussian kings was ...

28 Chapter II tration in the Golden Book. So few had been admitted, over the centuries, that where in 1367 there had been 240 no ...

Aristocracy: The Constituted Bodies 29 zens who qualified to sit in the governing councils were designated as “patricians” in 16 ...

30 Chapter II the whole of the last century the history of Geneva affords little more than an account of the struggles between t ...

Aristocracy: The Constituted Bodies 31 the population into five estates, or Stande, each to be marked by the kind of cloth- ing ...

32 Chapter II Between the fragmented republicanism of the small states just described, the magnificent monarchy of France, and t ...

Aristocracy: The Constituted Bodies 33 might prevail malgré lui, so to speak, from a mere want of public spirit, or lack of conf ...

34 Chapter II usually, as in Languedoc, the municipal mayors or councillors. To the Second or noble estate every “gentleman” of ...

Aristocracy: The Constituted Bodies 35 generally made common cause. The older landed nobility at the same time obtained a kind o ...

36 Chapter II consisted of King, Lords, and Commons. As Blackstone put it, the King sat in Parliament with “the three estates of ...

Aristocracy: The Constituted Bodies 37 even to qualify as a burgess one must own land of an annual rental value of £300. It was ...