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(Billingham et al. 1953). For Burnet, therefore, the self is acquired, not innate: the organism acquires at an early ontogenetic ...
another selective process occurs long before, in early life, and this other process is the elimination of immune cells that reco ...
debris, many immune-mediated repair mechanisms, and the downregulating action of regulatory T cells, among many other phenomena. ...
where theyfind nutrients and protection from competitors, among other things (Donaldson et al. 2016). Microbes can also manipula ...
The upshot is that the self–nonself theory is inadequate or at least incomplete, because many self components trigger immune res ...
among philosophers of biology and biologists. Accounts of these three dimensions have generally been based either on intuition o ...
determines which elements are tolerated, and therefore can remain part of that living thing, and which elements are rejected, an ...
detection of abnormal molecular patterns, cell stress, aberrant cellular prolif- eration, and/or damage caused to the organism ( ...
but this distinction is not to be confused with the opposition between the “endogenous” (what comes from the inside) and the “ex ...
This reasoning allows us to propose an immunological definition of the organism, understood as a physiological individual (i.e., ...
immunity: key immunological processes occur at the level of each cell (for example, any cell of the organism infected by a virus ...
examples of this–autoimmune diseases and ecological approaches to the microbiome. If the perspective presented here is correct, ...
3.5 Combining Different Approaches to Biological Individuality Immunology is clearly not alone in shedding light on biological i ...
even if scientific practices of individuation vary from one scientificfield to another, there often is a significant overlap bet ...
39 percent of 40- to 70-year-old women, and thyroid tumors in 36 to 100 percent of 50- to 70-year-old adults (Welch and Black 20 ...
cancer is a well-established point (Melo et al. 2013; Bertolaso 2016; Plutynski 2018). First, cancers found in humans are quite ...
of neoplastic cells”(Thomas 1982, p. 330). Thomas was convinced that humans produce tumors all the time but keep them under cont ...
or suppress the immune response) and have a higherfitness in the immuno- competent host (a process similar to the selection of m ...
Figure 4.1 The three phases of immunoediting . According to the concept of immunoediting, three phases must be distinguished in ...
4.3 Immune–Cancer Interactions: Current Views and Clinical Applications Today, the evidence showing that the immune system plays ...
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