- Alvares,Narrative of the Portuguese Embassy, 178.
- Ibid., 304 – 307.
- Ibid., 104.
- Ibid., 350.
- Beckingham, “Some Early Travels in Arabia,” 167.
- See Garcı ́a-Arenal,A Man of Three Worlds.
- Eliav-Feldon, “Invented Identities.”
- Rogers,Quest for Eastern Christians, 20 – 21.
- Russell-Wood,The Portuguese Empire, 21 – 21.
- Ibid., 13 – 14.
- Alvares,Narrative of the Portuguese Embassy, 171 , 183 , 239 – 240 , 350 – 353 , 390 – 393.
- It wasn’t printed until 1586 , and is also known asItinera Mundi, in its Latin
rendition by Thomas Hyde. - Farissol,Igeret Orhot ‘Olam, 1. I am using here the first edition of the text from
Venice ( 1586 ) as well as Thomas Hyde’s bilingual Hebrew/Latin edition from 1691.
Hyde,Igeret Orhot ‘Olam, id est, Itinera Mundi, sic Dicta Nempe Cosmographia,xx
(hereafter,Itinera mundi). - Ruderman,World of a Renaissance Jew, 131 – 143.
72 .Raz-Krakotzkin,TheCensor. - Farissol,Igeret Orhot ‘Olam, 2 ; Hyde,Itinera mundi, xx.
- Farissol,Igeret Orhot ‘Olam, title page.
- Headley, “Sixteenth-Century Venetian Celebration.”
- Ruderman,World of a Renaissance Jew, 136.
- Farissol,Igeret Orhot ‘Olam, 15 ; Hyde,Itinera Mundi, 110.
- Farissol,Igeret Orhot ‘Olam, 16 ; Hyde,Itinera Mundi, 115.
- Gans,Sefer Tsemah David, 48.
- Rossi,Sefer Me’or ‘Enayim, 189 – 195.
- Gans,Sefer Tsemah David, 48 – 49. See also Neher,Jewish Thought, 145.
- Neher,Jewish Thought, 135 – 147.
CHAPTER 5
1 .Or 1648 ; dating is unclear.
2. On the history of Portuguese/Sephardic Jews in the early modern Atlantic
world and in particular their connection to Brazil and to Amsterdam, see Israel,The
Dutch Republic;and Israel,Diasporas within a Diaspora, 97 – 125.
3. For the background of the publication of the story in Amsterdam, see Me ́-
choulan and Nahon, “Introduction,” in Ben-Israel,Hope of Israel( 1987 ), 1 – 97.
4. The original runs as follows: “yo soy Hebreo del Tribo de Levi mi dios es Adonay
[Hebrew, My Lord] y todo lo demas es engan ̃o.” Ben-Israel,Orı ́gen de los Americanos, 4.
The book was published in 1650 in Spanish, Latin, and Hebrew. It was translated into
English that year as well. Here, I am using the Spanish version of the book.
5. Ben-Israel,Orı ́gen de los Americanos, 9.
6. Ibid., 10 – 12.