The_Invention_of_Surgery

equipment and small incisions, most heart operations are performed via a thoracotomy, where the sternum, or chest bone, is split ...

change in attitude among surgeons results in a rapid, and expensive, ballooning in costs and device usage. Attempting to deciphe ...

arrhythmia and shocks your heart back into normal rhythm) have approached a rate of about 40 percent that of pacemakers.^43 Ther ...

the heart, the aorta is still as big as a garden hose, and if the wall of the great vessel weakens and balloons out, a patient c ...

under the skin, down the neck and into the abdominal cavity, where the excess fluid drains. There were 27,870 shunt-related proc ...

years, an estimated 6,596 DBS devices were implanted in 2014 in the United States. SCSs are typically placed by physicians who s ...

TRANSPLANT SURGERY The first successful kidney transplant was fifty years ago, but it wasn’t until the advent of powerful anti-r ...

appreciation that fetal cells do cross the placental barrier, and bizarrely, independently exist in the host mother’s body, it i ...

implantations per year would decrease and level off to less than one million operations per year.^73 In essentially all cases of ...

bariatric operations, either using simple permanent surgery while sewing guts together, or using a band or other mechanical devi ...

ORAL SURGERY DENTAL IMPLANTS It has been estimated that 450,000 osseointegrated dental implants are placed every year in the Uni ...

As has been emphasized in this chapter, these calculations are occasionally educated guesses, but are far more scientific than a ...

TWENTY Brain Implants “To do things right, first you need love, then technique.” —Antoni Gaudí “Neither physiochemical concepts ...

carved naked life-size figure floating forty feet above my head summons me to stop in my tracks. My private tour guide Luca, in ...

dominated their existence. Swirling above, the constellations reigned over the learned, while humankind was confusingly vulnerab ...

William Langston, sensed that he might be normally alert. A true medical mystery, Dr. Langston had to determine how this patient ...

implicated as the locus of destruction in PD. Never before had an animal model been discovered that mimicked PD, and researchers ...

manifesting little deference for his fellows, impatient of restraint or advise when it conflicts with his desires, at times pert ...

Paul Broca had just attended a lecture at the Société d’Anthropologie de Paris, where Ernest Aubertin had presented the case of ...

brain, a breakthrough technique was required to turn the gaze of neuroscientists down to individual brain cells. Only then could ...