E
Edinburgh, Scotland, 108, 157
Effler, Donald, 244
Ehrlich, Paul, 125–28
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 204, 245
elbow replacement surgery, 293
Eldercare health insurance proposal, 205–6
elective surgery, 180–82
Tommy John operation, 285–87
electroceuticals, 334
electromotive force of metals, 193
electronic implants, 235
embolism, 94–95
embryologists, 96
Emperor of All Maladies (Mukherjee), xv
Empire of Cotton (Beckert), 14
England
Black Death in, 47–48
Company of Barbers and Surgeons of London, 252
condemned men’s bodies, 67–68
Industrial Revolution, 252
monarchs and Parliament, 45
Royal College of Physicians, 252
Royal College of Surgeons, 65–66, 252
See also Royal Society
entitlement, 199
epidemics
overview, 88, 103, 109
anthrax, 115–18
cholera outbreaks, 111, 126
decrease in scope after identifying germs, 120, 125
influenza pandemic, 200
plague, 16, 42, 47–48, 56
epidemiology, 125, 126, 158
ether, 78, 150, 151
Ether Monument, Boston Public Garden, 159
Etiology, Concept and Prophylaxis of Childbed Fever (Semmelweis), 106
Europe
and animal experimentation, 36, 63
awakening of intellectual curiosity, 17, 22, 25–28
ether transformation in, 156–57
Halley predicts total solar eclipse, 39–40
Islamic libraries superior to, 19–20
political upheavals in 1848, 86–87