142
Origins
KhumsoftencamefromNorthAfrica.Mfisb.Nus.ayrsent
60,000
captives
tocAbdal-Malik,30,000or40,000toal-Walid
I
in95/714,and100,000to
Sulaymn.
13
WhenCUmar
IIdidnot
receive
khums
from
Spain,
he
senthismawla
Jbir
tocollectit.
14
Khr!ii
captives
taken
by
an
expedition
in122/740ended
up
in
the
caliph’spossession?
The
caliphs
collected
captives
not
just
whentheir
forceswon
battlesand
conquered
territories;arrangements
weremadefor
thecontinuous
delivery
ofslavesby
the
subjectpeoples.
Even
someareasthatlayfully
underMuslimrulewere
compelled
to
sendslavestothecentral
authority
astributeortax.In
thisman-
ner,theMuslimrulersassuredthemselves
ofa
steadysupply
of
newslavesevenafter
the
conquests
had
stopped.
As
early
as
20/641theMuslimcommanderAmrb.
al-hs,required
thatthe
LuwtaBerbersof
Barqapay
someoftheir
poll
tax
(jizya)
in
slaves drawn from their own
people.
16
Treaties made in
cUthmn’stimewith
Merv, Zaranj,
Kirman, andanunknown
ruler inTransoxianaallincludedthe
dispatch
ofslaves?
7
In
46/666,
Uqba
b.Nafic,theMuslim
conqueror
ofNorthAfrica,
arranged
fortheFezzan
region
to
pay
360 slaves
per
annum.
TM
Similarly,al-Hajj
madea
treaty
with
Rutbil,
therulerofSi-
jistan,
inwhich thelatteragreed to supply
slavesandother
goods?
9
In114/732Hishfimreceivedfromhis
governor
in
If-
riqiya
20,000slaves, 700 slavewomen,and 700 eunuchs,prob-
ably
asa
freelygivengift.
26
(Najaf,
1389/1968),
pp.
28-29.
Jerusalem:
T,1:2036.al-Qtdisiya:T,1:2244.
al-Madfi’in:T,1:2451 52.
Jaff:l’:
T,1:2465.
Ahwaz:
T,
1:2710.
13.ToeAbdal-Malik:BM,1:40-41.30,000
toal-WafidI:ITB,1:229.40,000
toal-WafidI:NT,1:148;seealso
ar-Raqiq,p.
71.To
Sulaymfin:
Inma,2:91.
14.Ibn
al-Qfit.iya,pp.
12-13.
15.BM,1:40-41.
16.FB,pp.224-25;
Abfi
Ubayd,pp.193,238,240.
Adiscussionofthis
may
befound
in
myarticle,
"Mawlas."
17.Merv:FB,
p.
406.
Zaranj:
FB,
p.
394.Kirman:KB,
p.
286.Transoxiana:
FB,
p.
408.
18.FM,
p.
195;
Yqfit,
4:315.
19.FB,p.401;tbr
similar
deal,
seeFB,
p.
399.
20.TYa
,
2:318;FM,p.
217;
ar-Rashid,p.
15.