60 TheIslamicateContext
Islam...tendedtocallforthatotalsocial
pattern
inthenameof
religion
itself In
manyspheres,
not
onlypublicworship
but
such
spheres
ascivillaw,historical
teaching,
orsocial
etiquette,
Muslimssucceeded
quiteearly
in
establishing
distinctive
patterns
identifiablewithIslamas
religion.
1S
Even
something
so
utterly
unrelatedtoIslamasthelateensail
canbecharacteristicofMuslims.
16
Regardless
of
origin,
suchan
Islamicate
patternmustfitsomehowintothestructuresestab-
lished
by
Islam:
[Itis]
legitimate
toconsiderMuslimdoctrineasa
factor,
not
only
whenit
happens
tointroduceanewsolutionfromitsownresources
or
brings
aboutanew
solutiondirectlyor
indirectly,
butalsoeach
time
that,havingintegratedaninteriororforeignsolution intoits
system,
andcoloredititsown
way,
itcontributedto
getting
it
adopted
ormaintained.How
manypractices,
whichhave
nothing
Islamicaboutthemin
principle,
havebeennaturalizedasMuslim
tothe
pointof
becoming
characteristicofIslam...?17
Bynature,
Islamicate
patterns
arelessdistinctthanIslamic
ones,for
they
lacktheclear
impress
ofIslam.Somehavebeen
observed,
TM
but
very
fewhavebeen
systematically
tiedtoIslam.
15.
Brunschvig,p.
54;
Hodgson,
1:89.
16.
J.
H.Parry,TheEstablishment
of
the
EuropeanHegemony:
1415-1715:Trade
andExplorationintheAge
of
theRenaissance(NewYork,1966),
p.
21.
17.
Brunschvig,p.54.
18.Forsomestudies,
seenote 3 to
chapter
1.The
following
list
presentsnay
casual
compilation
ofsonefeatureswhich
appear
tobeIslamicate
(omitting
thosewhicharediscussedinthis
chapter):
Political:no
legislation(only
adhoc
decisions);severeproblemsofsuccession; hugepalacecomplexes; veryfew
womenin
political
life;absenceof
municipalorganizations;
nonterritorial
loyal-
ties;discomfortlivingundernon-Muslimrule.Military:heavyuse
of
cavalry.
Social:fluidclassstructuresandsocial
mobility;clothing
differentiatessocial
andethnicstatuses;sharpdistinction
betweenin
(Muslim)
andout
(non-Muslim)
groups;kinshiptiesparamount.Economic: commerceprestigious,agriculture
scorned;silverand
goldcoinage
both
present;wealth
anattributeof
power,
rarely
thereverse;little
scope
forrisk
money;
slavesabundant.Intellectual:reli-
giousauthoritiescontroleducation;memorizationemphasized;religiousorien-
tation
of
nearly
a|l
culturallife.Artistic:representations
discouraged;calligraphy
emphasized;geometric
and
vegetal
forms
prevalent.Geographic:uncohesive
structureof
cities;
concentric
arrangement
andhierarchicaldivisionof
quarters;