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252 NOTES
- Denis Winter,25 April 1915:The Inevitable Tragedy(St Lucia, Queensland: University of
Queensland Press, 1994), 87–8. Winter reported a variety of estimates for the distance
between the beach and the big ships, ranging from one to four miles. Winter also reported
a transit time of 40 minutes for tow vessels ferrying troops ashore at a rate of six knots. This
means these boats were covering one nautical mile every ten minutes. Thus, a 40-minute
trip indicates a distance of about four nautical miles, or over 6000 yards. Eyewitness Major
John Gillam in hisGallipoli Diary(n.p.: n.p., 1918; reprint, Stevenage, Herts.: The Strong Oak
Press,1989), 31–2, reported that the shore was just barely visible due to mist as the first
wave embarked from the transportArcadian. Later, at 0830 hours he reported ‘It is quite clear
now, and I can just see through my glasses the little khaki figures on shore at ‘W’ Beach.’ - PRO File WO/32/4994. Unsigned Report dated 13 May 1915.
- Moorehouse,Hell’s Foundations, 130–1.
- See appendix for full text of all VC Warrants.
- PRO file ADM 1/8528/176. Letter from Lieutenant-General Aylmer Hunter-Weston to
A.M.S., GHQ., 14 July 1915. - PRO file WO/32/4995. Letter from Military Secretary Lieutenant-General Sir Francis
Davies to D.C.G.I.S., 26 February 1917. - Moorehouse,Hell’s Foundations, 132.
- PRO file WO/32/4995. Letter from Military Secretary Lieutenant-General Sir Francis
Davies to D.C.G.I.S., 26 February 1917. - PRO file ADM 1/8528/176. Memoranda related to the Lancashire Fusiliers’ Victoria
Cross Claims, February/March 1917; Letter from Lord Derby to King George V,? March
1917; War Office announcement of Victoria Crosses for Captain Cuthbert Bromley,
Sergeant Frank Edward Stubbs and Corporal John Grimshaw, 15 March 1917. - Laffin,Dardanelles, 87–91.
- Bill Rawling,Surviving Trench Warfare: Technology and the Canadian Corps, 1914–1918(Toronto:
University of Toronto Press, 1992), 29–35. The Canadians suffered just over 33 percent
casualties during this, their first major engagement of the Great War. - David F. Burg and L. Edward Purcell,Almanac of World War I(Lexington, KY: The
University of Kentucky Press, 1998), 62, 67. - Prior and Wilson,Command on the Western Front, 96–9.
- Liddle,Soldier’s War, 52–5.
- Carver,Seven Ages, 171–4.
- Lionel Sotheby,Lionel Sotheby’s Great War: Diaries and Letters from the Western Front, Donald C.
Richter, ed.(Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 1997), 7. - Robert Graves,Good-bye to All That(Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1929), 110–11. Letter
from Captain Robert Graves to his parents, 24 May 1915. - Sotheby,Diaries and Letters, 16.
- Chris Cook and John Stevenson,The Longman Handbook of Modern European History, 1763–1985
(London: Longman, 1987), 133; Beckett, ‘British Army,’ 113. The figure of 78 percent
was derived by averaging the percentage of the establishment in the combat elements of
the military on 1 September of each year; Geoffrey Noon, ‘The Treatment of Casualties
in the Great War,’ in Paddy Griffith, ed.,British Fighting Methods in the Great War(London:
Frank Cass, 1996), 88. - David A. French, ‘A One-Man Show? Civil-Military Relations in Britain during the First
World War,’ in Paul Smith, ed.,Government and the Armed Forces in Britain(London: The
Hambledon Press, 1996), 91–2.