394 notes to pages 158‒163
- Kimball, Juggler , 132–33.
- On the diff erences between Churchill and Roosevelt over the future of
colonialism, see Kimball, Juggler , 68–72. Churchill’s statement followed
the British triumph at El Alamein in November 1942. Andrew Roberts,
Masters and Commanders: How Four Titans Won the War in the West,
1941–1945 (New York: HarperCollins, 2009), 295. - Larrabee, Commander in Chief , 519–20.
- Kimball, Juggler , 39–40, 84.
- Kimball, Juggler , 87.
- Larrabee, Commander in Chief , 543–44.
- Quoted in Roberts, Masters and Commanders , 412.
- Th e planners erred on the number of divisions the United States would
fi eld and other details, but as a starting point it served well for military
leaders and civilian mobilization offi cials. From an initial fi gure of 215
divisions, the total was revised downward to the fi nal tally of 90. Larrabee
suggests there was too little margin for error because only two divisions
had not been committed to combat by the end of the war. Larrabee,
Commander in Chief , 145. On the other hand, as I point out below, the
number was suffi cient for a relatively extravagant approach in the Pacifi c
with two lines of advance against Japan. Had manpower resources really
been insuffi cient, the United States could have adapted by pursuing a
single thrust against Japan. - Larrabee, Commander in Chief , 121–24.
- Kennedy, Freedom from Fear , 623.
- When disputes continued between Nelson and the services, the president,
declining to be drawn directly into the fray, established the Offi ce of War
Mobilization under James Byrnes, an experienced political fi xer, to over-
see the entire mobilization eff ort and mediate disputes between the WPB
and other agencies, including the military. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear ,
622–23, 629; Eisner, State in the American Political Economy , 199–204. - Larrabee, Commander in Chief , 176–77, 198, 444–45.
- Larrabee, Commander in Chief , 218.
- Kennedy, Freedom from Fear , 619.
- Kimball, Juggler , 189.
- Kennedy, Freedom from Fear , 652–55.
- Th e United States produced a total of 92 aircraft carriers between 1940
and 1945. Larrabee, Commander in Chief , 92. - Kennedy, Freedom from Fear , 624.
- Eisner, State in the American Political Economy , 211–12. Eisner notes that
the various wartime tax measures made the system more comprehensive
(most workers paid income taxes for the fi rst time) and progressive (the
top rate applied to all income over $200,000). - Infl ationary pressures mounted and were only partly contained by taxes
and savings. After a decade of Depression-generated price defl ation,