Encyclopedia of the Renaissance and the Reformation

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1435 Congress of Arras
allies Burgundy with
France

1444 Turks defeat Poles
at Varna

1447 Ambrosian
Republic in Milan

1448 By Concordat of
Vienna Emperor
Frederick III pledges
obedience to papacy
1449 French take Rouen

1453 French victory at
Castillon ends Hundred
Years’ War; Turks capture
Constantinople
1454 Peace of Lodi
1455 Outbreak of Wars
of the Roses in England

1456 János Hunyadi
raises Turkish siege of
Belgrade; Cape Verde
Islands discovered
1457 Poles capture
Marienburg

1459 Turks overrun
Serbia

suppressed at Battle of

Lipany

1438 Pragmatic Sanction

of Bourges; Council of

Ferrara

1439 Council of Florence

1442 Council of Rome

1443 Papacy returns to

Rome

1447 Nicholas V pope

1452 Greek

Orthodox–Latin Church

union declared

1455 Calixtus III pope

1458 Pius II pope

1435 Rene of Anjou king

of Naples (→1442)

1438 Albert II of

Hapsburg becomes

emperor (→1439);

Afonso V king of Portugal

(→1481)

1440 Frederick III of

Hapsburg becomes

emperor (→1493)

1442 Alfonso I (Alfonso V

of Aragon) king of Naples

(→1458)

1446 János Hunyadi

elected regent of

Hungary

1447 Casimir IV king of

Poland (→1492)

1450 Francesco Sforza

first Sforza duke of Milan

(→1466)

1452 Frederick III

crowned emperor in

Rome

1458 Matthias Corvinus

king of Hungary

(→1490); Ferdinand I

king of Naples (→1494)

1461 Louis XI king of

France (→1483); Edward

1448 Gutenberg printing

at Mainz

1459 Camaldolese Chart

completed

1435 Donatello’s David

1444 Michelozzo’s

Palazzo Medici-Riccardi,

Florence, begun

c. 1452 Piero della

Francesco at work on the

Legend of the True Cross

fresco cycle at Arezzo

1455 Uccello’s Battle of

San Romano painted

1459 Gozzoli

commissioned to

decorate the Palazzo

Medici-Riccardi chapel

(Florence); Pienza project

begun

Secular Events Religion Rulers Sciences Arts and Literature

1440

1450

1460