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Mi

ssi

ssi

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Pur

us^

Amazon

Ori

noco

St.^ L

awren

ce^

Aleutian^ Tre

nch^

Brooks^ Range

Great Bear

Lake

Great Slave

Lake

Lake

Winnipeg

Great

Lakes

Lake

Titicaca

S O^ U

T^

Caribbean

Sea

ARCTIC

OCEAN

PACIFIC

OCEAN

Gulf of

Mexico

Huds on

Bay

Baffin

Bay

Labrador

Sea

Drak

e Passage^

Chukchi

Sea

Bering Stra

it^

Gulf of

Ale Alaska

utian^ Isl

ands^

Baffin

Is.

P o l y n e s i a

SocietyI

sland

s

Haw

aiia

n (^) Is
lan
ds
Pitcairn
Islands EasterIsland
Victoria
Island
Newfoundland
We s t
Indies
Falkland
Islands
Hawaii
Phoenix
Islands
Lin
e
Isl
an
ds
Marquesas
Islands
Samoa
To n g a
Co
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(^) I
s.
Juan Fernandez
Islands
Gre
ater
(^) Antilles
Lesser Antill
es^
Queen Elizabeth
Islands
Vancouver Island
Galápagos
Islands
R
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Basin
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ts.
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an
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Lo
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Highlands
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Great
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Planalto de
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Ungava
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Laurentian
Mountains
Yucatan
Peninsula
Tierra del Fuego
Cape Horn
Sonoran
Desert
Pa
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(^) R
is
e
N
az
ca
R
id
ge
Guatemala
Basin
Pe
ru
(^) -
(^) C
hi
le
(^) T
re
nc
h
Southwest
Pacific
Basin
Per u
Basin
Argentine
Basin
Guiana
Basin
North
American
Basin
Mendocino^ F
racture Zone
Murray^ Fra
cture^ Zone^
Grand Banks of
Newfoundland
Molokai^ Fra
cture^ Zone^
Clarion
Fracture
Zone^
NORTH
AMERICA
SOUTH
AMERICA
Antarctic^ Cir
cle^
Tropic^ of Capricorn^
Equator
Arctic Circle
Tropic of Cancer
Å
Å
Cerro
Aconcagua6,959 m
(22,831 ft)
Mount McKinley6,194 m
(20,321 ft)
ASIA^
EU
RO
PE
AF
RI
CA
NORTH
AMERICA
AP
C
FI
IC
O
C
EA
N
AT
LA
N
T
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A
N^
ARCTIC
OCEAN
Tropic^ of^ Can
cer^
Arctic^
Circ
le^
AUS
TRA
LIA
AF
RIC
A^
(^)
(^) A
ME
RICA
SO
UTHERN
OCE
AN^
O
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A
N
A
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A
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IND
IAN^
OCE
AN^
PA
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O
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A
ANTARCTICA N^
SOU
TH (^)
Antarct
ic^ C
irc
le^
Tropic of Capricorn^
Despite being called Earth, more than two-thirds of our
planet’s surface is covered in water. The rest consists
of seven vast expanses of land called continents. The
largest of these is Asia, followed by Africa, North
America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and
Australasia. They contain an amazing variety of
landscapes – mountains, deserts,
tropical rainforests,
woodlands, and
polar ice.
ELEVATION
over 4,000 m (13,000 ft)
2,000–4,000 m (6,500–13,000 ft)
1,000–2,000 m (3,300–6,500 ft)
500–1,000 m (1,600–3,300 ft)
250–500 m (800–1,600 ft)
100–250 m (300–800 ft)
0–100 m (0–300 ft)
below sea level
4 THE AMAZON
The Amazon River is the largest river in the world, measuring 6,439 km
(4,001 miles). It carries more water than any other river and drains
6,475,000 sq km (2,500,000 sq miles) – about 40 per cent – of the
land in South America.

PHYSICAL WORLD

1 PYRENEES MOUNTAINS

The Pyrenees stretch for 435 km

(270 miles) between the Bay of

Biscay and the Mediterranean

Sea in western Europe. Like

other mountains, the Pyrenees

were formed by movements in

the Earth’s crust, causing the

land above to fold and buckle.

4 SOUTHERN

HEMISPHERE

Oceans dominate the

southern hemisphere.

Australia and Antarctica

are the only continental

landmasses that lie entirely

in the south.

SEA DEPTH

0–250 m (0–800 ft)

250–2,000 m (800–6,500 ft)

2,000–4,000 m (6,500–13,000 ft)

below 4,000 m (13,000 ft)

1 NORTHERN HEMISPHERE

Most of the land on Earth is

concentrated in the northern

hemisphere, although Europe

and North America are the

only continents that lie

entirely in the north.

physical

world