mKilimanjaro5,895 m (19,340 ft)
LakeNyasaLake TanganyikaLake
VictoriaLake
TurkanaLakeChadSenegalNigerNigerNile^Blue (^) N
ile
Ub
ang
i^
Shebe
li
Congo^
Orange^ River
Zam Zambezi
bez
i
Cuanza
Wh
ite
Nil
e
Victoria
Falls
Suez
Canal
Mediterr
ane
an
(^) S
ea
Re
d
Se
a
Mo
za
mb
iq
ue
C
ha
nn
el^
Gulf^ of^ A
den^
Gulf^ of^ Guinea
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
INDIAN
OCEAN
Cape of
Good Hope
Libyan
Desert
Horn of
Africa
Atla
s^ M
ount
ains^
Adamawa
Highlands
Taoudenni
Basin
Tibesti
Na
mi
b (^)
(^) D
es
er
t
Draken
sbe
rg^
Ethiopian
Highlands
Kalahari
Desert
Sudd
Sahel
Congo
Basin
Gr
ea
t (^)
(^)
Ri
ft
(^)
(^) V
all
ey
Gr
ea
t^
Ri
ft^
V
al
el
(^) y
Ah
agg
ar^
Madeira
Canary
Islands
Okavango
Delta
Ovamboland
Bie
Plateau
Sahara
Casablanca
Tangier
Fès
Marrakech
Oran
Oujda Kairouan
Misratah Benghazi Alexandria Port Said
El Gîza
Aswân
Luxor
El Minya
Port Sudan
Omdurman
WadMedani
Port Elizabeth
Johannesburg
Lubumbashi
Kitwe
Kananga
Dar es Salaam
Beira
Mahajanga
Zanzibar
Mombasa
Mwanza
Kisumu Kismaayo
Dire Dawa
Port Harcourt Douala
Constantine
Maradi
Moundou
Kisangani
Mbandaka
Hargeysa
Namibe Lubango
Matadi
Nacala
Blantyre
LagosIbadan
Abidjan
Oyo
Cotonou
Ceuta Melilla
Menongue
ABUJA
ACCRA
NIAMEY
CONAKRY
MONROVIA YAMOUSSOUKRO
BAMAKO
BISSAU
FREETOWN
PRAIA DAKAR
NOUAKCHOTT
LAAYOUNE
BANJUL OUAGADOUGOU
LOMÉPORTO-NOVO
CAIRO
KHARTOUM ASMARA
DJIBOUTI
ADDIS ABABA
KAMPALA MOGADISHU
DODOMA
KIGALI NAIROBI
WINDHOEK GABORONE
MBABANE
MASERU
HARARE
MAPUTO
LILONGWE
LUSAKA
ANTANANARIVO
BLOEMFONTEIN
TUNIS
ALGIERS
TRIPOLI
RABAT
NDJAMENA
MALABO
YAOUNDÉ
SÃO TOMÉLIBREVILLE
BRAZZAVILLE
KINSHASA
LUANDA
TSHWANE
(PRETORIA)
MORONI
BUJUMBURA
BANGUI
TOWNCAPE
Mayotte
(France)
Réunion(France)
Cabinda (Angola)
Tropic of Cancer
Tropic of Cancer
Tropic of Capricorn
Equator Equator
WESTERN
SAHARA
(disputed)
SOUTH
AFRICA
LESOTHO
SWAZILAND
BOTSWANA
ZIMBABWE
NAMIBIA
ZAMBIA
ANGOLA
MALAWI
COMOROS
TANZANIA
BURUNDI
DEM. REP.RWANDA
CONGO
GABON
SAO TOME &
PRINCIPE KENYA
EQUATORIAL GUINEA UGANDA
SIERRA LEONE CENTRAL AFRICAN
REPUBLIC
ETHIOPIA
GUINEA-BISSAU GUINEA NIGERIA
DJIBOUTI
GAMBIA
CHAD
SUDAN
SENEGAL
CAPE
VERDE NIGER ERITREA
MALI
MAURITANIA
LIBYA EGYPT
ALGERIA
TUNISIA
(^)
TO
GO
SO
M
A
L
IA
CO
N
G
O
M
AD
AG
AS
CA
R^
M
O
ZA
M
BI
QU
E^
CÔTE
D’IVOIRE
(IVORY COAST)
LIBERIA
MOROCCO
BURKINA FASO
GHANA
BENIN
Kano
CA
M
ER
OO
N
ASIA
(Spain)(Spain)
(Portugal)
(Spain)
FIND OUT MORE. Exploration 400–401 • Habitats 82–84
0º
10º
20º
30º
40º
50º
70º60º
80º
10º
20º
30º
40º
60º50º
90º
20º10º0º
100º90º80º70º60º50º40º30º
110 º
120º 10º20º
Lake
Turkana
mKilimanjaro5,895 m
(19,340 ft)
Benghazi
LUANDA
This section of the encyclopedia
looks at the world and its people.
The world has been divided
into its seven continents,
and each continent is
featured with its own
map and photographs.
Following each
continental spread are
illustrated double pages
that look at each continent
in more detail.
ELEVATION
over 4,000 m (13,125 ft)
2,000–4,000 m (6,500–13,125 ft)
1,000–2,000 m (3,300–6,500 ft)
500–1,000 m (1,600–3,300 ft)
250–500 m (800–1,600 ft)
100–250 m (300–800 ft)
0–100 m (0–300 ft)
below sea level
Longitude Vertical lines of longitude run between the North
and South Poles. The Prime Meridian (numbered 0°) runs through
Greenwich in London, and all other lines of longitude are
numbered in degrees east or west of this line. The line opposite
the Prime Meridian on the other side of the world is numbered 180°.
Lines of longitude measure how far east or west a place is.
Latitude Imaginary lines drawn around the world to make a grid tell
us exactly how far north, south, east, or west anywhere on Earth is.
Horizontal lines of latitude run from east to west, parallel to the
Equator which runs around the middle of the Earth, and is given the
value 0°. All other lines of latitude are numbered in degrees north
or south of it. They measure how far north or south a place is.
REGION LOCATOR 3
On the regional
pages following each
continental page, the
location of the region is
marked on a locator map:
red for the region and
green for the rest of
the continent.
CONTINENTAL MAP 3
This map of Africa shows what
the continental maps in this
section look like. Physical
features, such as mountains,
deserts, rivers, lakes, seas, and
oceans are all labelled.
Countries, capital cities, and
other major towns are also
marked on the maps.
GLOBE LOCATOR 3
Each of the seven continental
map pages has a locator globe
showing where in the world the
continent is located. The
continent is marked in red, the
rest of the world in green.
HOW TO USE THE MAPS
Lines of
latitude are
measured from
the centre of
the Earth
Lines of longitude are measured
from the centre of the Earth
LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE
One degree of latitude is
about 113 km (70 miles)
Rest of Africa
coloured green
Lines of longitude divide
the world up into segments
North and
West Africa
highlighted red
90°N –
North Pole
0° – Prime
Meridian
SCALE
MAP KEY
Mountain with
height in metres
River
Lake
International
border
Capital city
Major town
90°S –
South Pole
0° –
Equator
180°
0 km
0 miles 800
800
400
400
Congo^
mapping