Everything Science Grade 10

CHAPTER 4. THE ATOM 4.2 Dalton’s model of the atom ESAAO John Dalton proposed that all matter is com- posed of very small things ...

4.2 CHAPTER 4. THE ATOM Rutherford’s model of the atom ESAAQ Rutherford carried out some experiments which led to a change in id ...

CHAPTER 4. THE ATOM 4.3 and measured its mass. Other models of the atom ESAAT Although the most commonly used model of the atom ...

4.3 CHAPTER 4. THE ATOM How heavy is an atom? ESAAV It is possible to determine the mass of a single atom in kilograms. But to d ...

CHAPTER 4. THE ATOM 4.3 Rutherford’s alpha-particle scattering experiment ESAAW Radioactive elements emit different types of par ...

4.4 CHAPTER 4. THE ATOM and situated in the middle of the atom. How small is the nucleus? ESAAX The nucleus of an atom is very s ...

CHAPTER 4. THE ATOM 4.4 See video: VPaln at http://www.everythingscience.co.za So far, we have discussed that atoms are made up ...

4.4 CHAPTER 4. THE ATOM proton neutron electron Mass (kg) 1 , 6726 × 10 −^271 , 6749 × 10 −^279 , 11 × 10 −^31 Units of charge + ...

CHAPTER 4. THE ATOM 4.4 A ZX chemical symbol number of nucleons number of protons FACT A nuclide is a distinct kind of atom or n ...

4.4 CHAPTER 4. THE ATOM Step 3:Find the number of electrons Sodium is neutral, so it has the same number of electrons as protons ...

CHAPTER 4. THE ATOM 4.4 3. Use standard notation to represent the following elements: a. potassium b. copper c. chlorine 4. For ...

4.5 CHAPTER 4. THE ATOM Isotopes ESABD The chemical properties of an element depend on the number of protons and electrons insid ...

CHAPTER 4. THE ATOM 4.5 Calculate the average relative atomic mass for chlorine. SOLUTION Step 1:Calculate the mass contribution ...

4.5 CHAPTER 4. THE ATOM 4. Which of the following are isotopes of U- 235? (E represents an element symbol) a.^23892 E b.^23890 E ...

CHAPTER 4. THE ATOM 4.6 Electronic configuration ESABE The energy of electrons ESABF The electrons of an atom all have the same ...

4.6 CHAPTER 4. THE ATOM 2 .Fluorine Fluorine (F) has an atomic number of 9 , meaning that a neutral atom also has 9 electrons. T ...

CHAPTER 4. THE ATOM 4.6 1s 2s 3s 4s 2p 3p E N E R G Y First mainenergy level Second mainenergy level Third mainenergy level Figu ...

4.6 CHAPTER 4. THE ATOM 1. Determine the number of electrons that the atom has. 2. Fill the s orbital in the first energy level ...

CHAPTER 4. THE ATOM 4.6 1s 2s 3s 2p 3p Figure 4.10: An Aufbau diagram showing the electron configuration of fluorine 1s 2s 3s 2p ...

4.6 CHAPTER 4. THE ATOM 1s 2s There are now three electrons to place in orbitals. Step 4:Place three electrons in the 2 p orbita ...