Cracking the SAT Physics Subject Test

raised or lowered. The confined gas is the system, and the piston and heat reservoir are the surroundings. The state of the gas ...

volume (V) on a diagram. By following the path of this P–V diagram, we can study how the system is affected as it moves from one ...

The equation W = PΔV assumes that the pressure P does not change during the process. If P does change, then the work is equal to ...

Here’s How to Crack It Path 1. Since, in path 1, P remains constant, the work done is just PΔV. W = PΔV = (1.5 × 10^5 Pa)[(30 × ...

As this example shows, the value of W depends not only on the initial and final states of the system, but also on the path betwe ...

A process where the temperature remains constant is referred to as isothermal. If there is no heat exchanged between the system ...

A closed system that shows a high degree of order tends to evolve in such a way that its degree of order decreases. In other wor ...

its surroundings, we’d find that although the entropy of the water itself decreased, it was more than compensated by a greater a ...

ratio of what we get out to what we have to put in—that is, e = QW/QH. Since W = Qnet = QH − |QC|, we have Notice that unless QC ...

The Carnot Cycle The most efficient heat engine follows what is known as the Carnot cycle: isothermal expansion, followed by adi ...

Chapter 5 Comprehensive Drill See Chapter 17 for solutions. How much heat is required to raise the temperature of a 0.04 kg sta ...

(C) 143°C (D) 183°C (E) 239°C On a cold winter day (5°C), the foundation block for a statue is filled with 2.0 m^3 of concrete ...

(C) The value of R for the gas in Container 1 is the value of R for the gas in Container 2. (D) The rms speed of the gas molecul ...

(E) 9,500 J During each cycle, a heat engine absorbs 400 J of heat from its high- temperature source and discards 300 J of heat ...

Key Terms heat thermal energy temperature degrees Fahrenheit degrees Celsius absolute temperature scale kelvins (K) triple point ...

universal gas constant ideal gas law molar mass thermodynamics zeroth law of thermodynamics first law of thermodynamics state P− ...

Summary Objects have energy because of their temperatures, and heat is this energy in transit from one object to another. Temper ...

The second law of thermodynamics states that the total amount of disorder— the totalentropy—of a system plus its surroundings wi ...

Chapter 6 Linear Momentum When an object moves, it is necessary to account for both its mass and its velocity. Think for a minut ...

ANOTHER LOOK AT NEWTON’S SECOND LAW When Newton first expressed his second law, he didn’t write Fnet = ma. Instead, he expressed ...