CHAPTER 5. THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY 5.5
(e) A compound given to a plant to promote growth.
(f) An electrolyte used in lead-acid batteries.
- Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false. If
the statement is false, rewrite the statement correctly.
(a) The longer the hydrocarbon chain in an organic compound, the
more likely it is to be a solid at room temperature.
(b) The main elementsused in fertilisers are nitrogen, phosphorus
and potassium.
(c) A soap molecule is composed of an alcoholmolecule and three
fatty acids.
(d) During the industrial preparation of chlorineand sodium hydrox-
ide, chemical energy isconverted to electrical energy.
- For each of the following questions, choosethe one correct answer
from the list provided.
(a) The sequence of processes that best describes the conversion of
coal to liquid fuel is:
i. coal→ gas purification→ SAS reactor→ liquid hydrocarbon
ii. coal→ autothermal reactor→ Sasol slurry phase F-T reactor
→ liquid hydrocarbon
iii. coal→ coal purification→ synthesis gas→ oil
iv. coal→ coal gasification→ gas purification→ SAS reactor
→ liquid hydrocarbons
(b) The half-reaction that takes place at the cathode of a mercury cell
in the chloralkali industry is:
i. 2Cl−→ Cl 2 + 2e−
ii. 2Na++ 2e−→ 2Na
iii. 2H++ 2e−→ H 2
iv. NaCl + H 2 O→ NaOH + HCl
(c) In a zinc-carbon drycell...
i. the electrolyte is manganese (IV) oxide
ii. zinc is oxidised to produce electrons
iii. zinc is reduced to produce electrons
iv. manganese (IV) dioxide acts as a reducing agent
- Chloralkali manufacturing process
The chloralkali (also called ’chlorine-caustic’) industry is one of the
largest electrochemicaltechnologies in the world. Chlorine is pro-
duced using three typesof electrolytic cells. Thesimplified diagram
below shows a membrane cell.
