5 Steps to a 5TM AP European History

CHAPTER

1

‹^89

Economic Change and the

Expansion of the State

IN THIS CHAPTER

Summary: In the eighteenth century, the influx of capital generated by colonial

trade in Great Britain and France spurred changes in agricultural and manufac-

turing production that destroyed the last vestiges of feudalism and converted

the peasantry and guildsmen into wage laborers, a process that began as early

as the fourteenth century with the demographic changes resulting from the

Black Plague. This chapter describes these economic changes, the resulting

social and political changes in Great Britain and France, and the efforts of other

European powers to catch up.

Key Terms:

✪^ The Commonwealth The period (1649–1660) during which England was ruled

without a monarch, following the victory of the Parliamentary forces in the

English Civil War and the subsequent execution of Charles I.

✪^ The Restoration The period of English history (1660–1688) following the

Commonwealth and preceding the Glorious Revolution. It encompassed the

reigns of Charles II (1660–1685) and James II (1685–1688).

✪^ The Glorious Revolution The quick, nearly bloodless uprising (1688) that co-

ordinated Parliament-led uprisings in England with the invasion of a Protes-

tant fleet and army from the Netherlands and led to the expulsion of James II

and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy in England under William

and Mary.

KEY IDEA

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CHAPTER

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