Barrons SAT Subject Test Chemistry, 13th Edition

(D) When enthalpy is positive and entropy is negative, the free energy is never negative. ...

(E) When ΔG, free energy, is zero, the system is at equilibrium and there is no net reaction. ...

11. Acids, Bases, and Salts 1. (C) The strength of an Arrhenius acid is determined by the degree of ionization of the hydrogens ...

(B) The hydronium ion is written as H 3 O+. ...

(D) H 2 SO 4 is a strong acid because it is highly ionized. ...

(A) The basic reaction between an acid and a base is H+(aq) + OH−(aq) → H 2 O(ℓ) or H 3 O+(aq) + OH−(aq) → 2H 2 O(ℓ) ...

(A) The pH scale is 0 to 14; the numbers below 7 are acid and those above 7 are increasingly basic. ...

(A) Because the pH is defined as the negative of the log of the H+ concentration, it is −(log of 10−3), which is −(−3) or +3. ...

(A) By definition, a Brønsted-Lowry acid is a proton donor. ...

(C) A buffer solution resists the changes in pH. ...

(A) The point in a titration when the “unknown” solution has been neutralized—in the case of an acid/base titration—by the “sta ...

(A) Use the equation Macid × Vacid = Mbase × Vbase and change mL to L by dividing by 1,000 mL/L to change 10. mL into .01 L an ...

12. Oxidation-Reduction 1. (D) Hydrocarbon combustion reactions can be seen as redox reactions due to the fact that an element, ...

(A) Generally, reactions in which elements and compounds react to form new elements and compounds are called single replacement ...

(C) Acid–base reactions do not involve the transfer of electrons. From the Brønsted-Lowry perspective, they involve the transf ...

(B) Decomposition reactions are characterized by having only one reactant that chemically changes into “simpler” substances. Of ...

(C) Since the oxidation state of sodium is +1 and the oxidation state of oxygen is −2, the oxidation state of the sulfur must b ...

(D) Since the oxidation state of oxygen is −2 and the sum of the oxidation states of the elements in a polyatomic ion must equa ...

(B) Calcium carbonate is an ionic substance. The cation in the compound is the monatomic ion calcium with a 2+ charge. The char ...

(C) Since the oxidation state of oxygen is −2, the oxidation state of sulfur must be +4 so that the sum of the oxidation states ...