36 ❯ STEP 2. Determine Your Test Readiness
- A—(Chapter 18) When analyzing the behavior of others, people tend to overestimate
the contribution of personal disposition, or personality, and underestimate the con-
tribution of the situation. In this case, by declaring that their waitress is bad, James
and Kim have attributed her performance to enduring personality traits and do not
consider that the waitress may have just received bad news, may be working a double
shift, or may be covering for two colleagues who called in sick. - D—(Chapter 18) Prejudice is an attitude, which is usually negative, of prejudgment
toward a group without a factual basis. Discrimination is differential treatment and
harmful action against minorities. One can have prejudiced attitudes, which are
affective, behavioral, and/or cognitive, but not act on them. Discrimination involves
acting on the negative thoughts toward a person or group. - B—(Chapter 18) Solomon Asch’s experiment was designed to measure the extent to
which social pressure from a group could influence a person to perform in a particular
way. Conformity was dependent upon the size of the opposing majority group and its
cohesiveness. If another person in the group, also a confederate of the experimenter,
opposed the majority and gave a correct response, the subject was also more likely to
provide a correct response–feeling social pressure from the dissenter as well.
Scoring and Interpretation
Now that you’ve finished Section I of the diagnostic exam and scored your answers, you
can figure out what your results mean. Did you answer all of the questions correctly for
any chapters? Did you get all or most of the questions wrong for any chapters? Note which
ones. In using this review book, you don’t need to spend as much time on a chapter with
which you are very familiar as you do with a chapter that puzzles you. If you found yourself
saying “Huh?” or felt “clueless,” spend more time learning the material in that chapter. If
you are not reading this for the first time at the beginning of May, you have probably left
yourself time to learn most of the information in this book.