Macmillan English Grammar

(FORM)

present perfect simple

(past participle)

decided.

have not(ha ven't /'ve not) has not(hasn't /'s not)

have('ve) has('s)

I / You / We / They She.f He / It

negative0~~,,-_"f I / You / We / They She / He / It

quest!ons

,~;;,ltaffirmativeE1hi;;,

Where What

Have Has have has

1/ you / we / they she / he / it you she

decided?

put it? done?

shortanswers Yes, I / you / we / they she / he / it

have. has.

No, 1/ you / we / they she / he / it

haven't. hasn't.

Regular verbs use-edform as the past participle. Irregular verbs have irregular forms. verb wait (regular) see(irregular)

past simple waited saw

past participie waited seen See the List of irregular verbs on page 206.

@ Use present perfect simple

to describe an event in the past without a definite time.
Someone has broken awindow in our c1assroom.

to describe what sameone has completed ar achieved in a period of time.
/'ve finished my homework, and I've c1eaned my room.

to describe how many things someane has done.
Scientists have found more than 30 unknown insects.

to describe someone's experiences, what he ar she has dane in life.
/'ve travelled by piane, but I haven't f/own inahelicopter.

to describe changes, comparing past and present.
Our climate has become much warmer.

action verb happening in a period of time up to the present, exact time not known ?,~,~ PRESENT Someone has broken awindow

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