Gardners Art through the Ages A Global History

WALTER GROPIUSDe Stijl architects not only developed an appealing simplified geometric style but also promoted the notion that a ...

(sometimes spelled Wassily) Kandinsky.Breuer supposedly got the in- spiration to use tubular steel while riding his bicycle and ...

against harmful and undesirable noise. He also advocated basing dwelling designs on human scale, because the house is humankind’ ...

FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT One of the most striking person- alities in the development of early-20th-century architecture was Frank Lloy ...

fireplace. (He believed strongly in the hearth’s age-old domestic sig- nificance.) Wright designed enclosed patios, overhanging ...

EUROPE, 1900 to 1920 ❚During the early 20th century, avant-garde artists searched for new definitions of art in a changed world. ...

36-1Matthew Barney,Cremaster cycle, installation at the Solomon R.Guggenheim Museum, New York, 2003. Barney’s vast multimedia in ...

W orld War II, with the global devastation it unleashed on all dimensions of life—psychological, po- litical, physical, and econ ...

Upheaval has also characterized the cultural sphere in the de- cades since the end of World War II. In the United States, for ex ...

A brutality or roughness appropriately expressing both the artist’s state of mind and the larger cultural sensibility characteri ...

Dubuffet believed the art of children, the mentally unbalanced, pris- oners, and outcasts was more direct and genuine because th ...

The Abstract Expressionist movement developed along two lines—gestural abstraction and chromatic abstraction.The gestural abstra ...

36-7Willem de Kooning,Woman I,1950–1952. Oil on canvas, 6  37 – 8  4  10 . Museum of Modern Art, New York. Although rooted ...

object, actual or imagined. What was to go on the canvas was not a picture but an event. The painter no longer approached his ea ...

ELLSWORTH KELLYAttempting to arrive at pure painting, the Post-Painterly Abstractionists distilled painting down to its es- sent ...

shapes as the hard-edge artists had done, the color-field painters poured diluted paint onto unprimed canvas, allowing the pigme ...

CLYFFORD STILLAnother American painter whose work art historians usually classify as Post-Painterly Abstraction was Clyf- ford S ...

Expressionism by burnishing the metal with steel wool, producing swirling random-looking patterns that draw attention to the two ...

what they want to mean betrays them artistically. There is hardly any aesthetic surprise in Minimal Art....Aesthetic surprise ha ...

sag, and warp under the pressures of atmospheric force and gravity. Born Jewish in Hitler’s Germany, the young Hesse hid with a ...