Biology (Holt)
2 The Evolution of Cellular Life First eukaryotes JURASSIC PERIOD •••••1,500 Analysis Defendthe theory of endosymbiosis using t ...
260 CHAPTER 12History of Life on Earth Large prokaryote Small aerobic prokaryote Primitive eukaryote Mitochondrion PRECAMBRIAN E ...
Multicellularity Many biologists group all living things into six broad categories called kingdoms. The two oldest kingdoms, Eub ...
Origins of Modern Organisms Most phyla that exist today probably originated during the Cambrian period, which lasted from about ...
Mass Extinctions The fossil record indicates that a sudden change occurred at the end of the Ordovician period. About 440 millio ...
Section 3 Life Invaded the Land 264 CHAPTER 12History of Life on Earth The Ozone Layer The sun provides both life-giving light a ...
Plants and Fungi on Land The first multicellular organisms to live on land are thought to have been plants and fungi living toge ...
Arthropods By 100 million years after their first union with fungi, plants had cov- ered the surface of the Earth, forming large ...
Vertebrates A is an animal with a backbone—vertebrates are the ani- mals most familiar to us. Humans are vertebrates, and almost ...
Reptiles Reptiles evolved from amphibian ancestors about 340 million years ago. Modern reptiles include snakes, lizards, turtles ...
CHAPTER 12 Highlights 269 Key Concepts Study CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS ZONE How Did Life Begin? The Earth formed about 4.5 billion ye ...
Using Key Terms 1.The development of heredity allowed organisms to store and pass on a.information. b.energy. c.radioisotopes. d ...
CHAPTER 12Review 271 Critical Thinking Recognizing RelationshipsExplain how multicellularity can be seen as an answer to the pr ...
Before You Begin About 4.5 billion years ago, Earth was a ball of molten rock. As the surface cooled, a rocky crust formed and w ...
fungi, and land animals appear; the first dinosaurs and mammals appear; the first flowering plants appear; the first humans appe ...
Show jumperShow jumper Phyllium pulchrifolium (beautiful moving leaf) Phyllium pulchrifolium (beautiful moving leaf) ...
CHAPTER 13 The Theory of Evolution 275 Quick Review Looking Ahead Answer the following without referring to earlier sections of ...
Darwin Proposed a Mechanism for Evolution The idea that life evolves may have been first proposed by Lucretius, a Roman philosop ...
Science Before Darwin’s Voyage In Darwin’s time, most people—including scientists—held the view that each species is a divine cr ...
Darwin visited the Galápagos Islands, located about 1,000 km (620 mi) off the coast of Ecuador. Darwin was struck by the fact th ...
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