Biology (Holt)

Before You Begin

Enzymesare substances that speed up

chemical reactions. Each enzyme operates

best at a particular and temperature.

Substances on which enzymes act are called

.Many enzymes are named for

their substrates. For example, a is

an enzyme that helps break down proteins. In

this lab, you will investigate the effectiveness

of laundry detergents that contain enzymes.

1.Write a definition for each boldface term in

the paragraph above.

2.Based on the objectives for this lab, write a

question you would like to explore about

enzyme detergents.

Procedure

PARTA:Make a Protein Substrate

1. Put on safety goggles and a lab
   apron.


2. CAUTION: Use tongs or
   a hot mitt to handle
   heated glassware.Put 18 g of regular
   (1.8 g of sugar-free) instant gelatin in a
   150 mL beaker. Slowly add 50 mL of
   boiling water to the beaker, and stir the
   mixture with a stirring rod. Test and
   record the pH of this solution.

protease

substrates

pH

Exploration Lab

Observing Enzyme Detergents

SKILLS

• Using scientific methods


• Measuring volume, mass,
  and pH

OBJECTIVES

• Recognizethe function
  of enzymes in laundry
  detergents.


• Relatetemperature and pH
  to the activity of enzymes.

MATERIALS

• safety goggles and lab apron


• balance


• graduated cylinder


• glass stirring rod

46 CHAPTER 2Chemistry of Life

• 150 mL beaker


• 18 g regular instant
  gelatin or 1.8 g sugar-
  free instant gelatin


• 0.7 g Na 2 CO 3


• tongs or a hot mitt


• 50 mL boiling water


• thermometer


• pH paper


• 6 test tubes


• test-tube rack


• pipet with bulb


• plastic wrap


• tape


• 50 mL beakers (6)
  
  
  • 50 mL distilled water
  
  
  • 1 g each of 5 brands of
    laundry detergent
  
  
  • wax pencil
  
  
  • metric ruler
  
  
  
  

ChemSafety

CAUTION: Always

wear safety gog-

gles and a lab apron to protect

your eyes and clothing.

CAUTION: Do not touch

or taste any chemicals.

Know the location of the emer-

gency shower and eyewash

station and how to use them.

If you get a chemical on your

skin or clothing, wash it off at

the sink while calling to the

teacher. Notify the teacher of a

spill. Spills should be cleaned

up promptly, according to your

teacher’s directions.

CAUTION: Glassware is

fragile. Notify the teacher

of broken glass or cuts. Do not

clean up broken glass or spills

with broken glass unless the

teacher tells you to do so.

1A 1B 2A 2B 2C 9C