CK12 Earth Science
Figure 8.13: Cutaway of the Earth. The melting of rock in the crust and upper mantle create magma. ( 32 ) ...
ferent substances melt at different temperatures, the creation of magma depends on what substances make it up—its composition. J ...
into the air where it hardens and becomes solid rock. This molten rock that solidifies in the air is known aspyroclastic materia ...
Figure 8.16: Pāhoehoe lava ( 11 ) Figure 8.17: The Thurston Lava Tube in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. ( 24 ) ...
Pillow Lava Pillow lava is lava that comes out from volcanic vents underwater (Figure 8.18). When it comes out underwater, it co ...
Figure 8.19: Vesuvius is a dormant volcano near the city of Naples. Although it shows no current signs of eruption, it could one ...
The amounts of gases and their ratios are calculated to help predict eruptions. Remote Monitoring As mentioned, some gases can b ...
Lesson Summary Volcanoes are produced when magma rises towards the Earth’s surface because it is less dense than the surroundin ...
What are three names for non-explosive lava? What factors are considered in predicting volcanic eruptions? Why is predicting vo ...
Points to Consider What types of evidence do you think would tell scientists whether an ancient volcanic eruption was explosive ...
Figure 8.21: Mt. Fuji is a dormant composite volcano that is the highest mountain in Japan. ( 10 ) Composite volcanoes are also ...
Figure 8.22: A composite or stratovolcano is created by many levels of alternating materials. ( 15 ) Figure 8.23: The Mauna Loa ...
shield volcano that is over ten kilometers (6 miles) high from its base below sea level to its peak. Shield volcanoes are more c ...
The exact composition of a cinder cone depends on the composition of the lava ejected from the Earth. Figure 8.25: Paricutín eru ...
Figure 8.26: The caldera at Santorini in Greece is so large that its circular shape can only be seen by satellite. ( 20 ) ...
comesfromLatinword, meaningcauldron. Calderasaregenerallycircularshapedgeographic formations like the picture in figure 6. These ...
large areas when they erupt. Review Questions Rank the four types of volcanoes in order from smallest to largest in diameter. W ...
Some people have theorized that if a huge asteroid hits the Earth, the results would be catastrophic. How might an asteroid imp ...
Figure 8.27: Lava domes are large, round landforms created by thick lava that does not travel far from the vent. ( 12 ) Figure 8 ...
Plateaus Alava plateauis caused by a large amount of less viscous lava that flows over a large area. When it solidifies, it crea ...
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