Gandhi, Mohandas(1887–1940): Nonviolent philosopher from India who
inspired American civil rights leaders, especially King.
Garvey, Marcus(1887–1940): Black nationalist from Jamaica whose UNIA
promoted a ‘Back to Africa’ movement.
Gomillion, Charles(1900–95): Educator who successfully challenged the
gerrymandering of black voters in Tuskegee, Alabama.
Gray, Fred(1930 – ): Civil rights attorney who won desegregation cases
against the Montgomery bus company and University of Alabama.
Green, Ernest(1941– ): First black graduate of Central High School, Little
Rock, Arkansas.
Hamer, Fannie Lou(1917–77): Dynamic Mississippi SNCC organizer and
MFDP co-founder.
Henry, Aaron(1922–97): Pharmacist who headed Mississippi’s NAACP,
COFO, and MFDP.
Hoover, J. Edgar(1895 –1972): FBI director who warred on the civil rights
movement and black nationalism.
Houston, Charles(1895–1950): Howard University law dean and architect
of the NAACP’s legal strategy to defeat Jim Crow.
Jackson, Jesse(1941– ): Headed Operation Breadbasket and PUSH and
sought the presidency in the 1980s.
Jackson, Jimmie Lee(1938 –65): Civil rights activist whose killing inspired
the Selma-to-Montgomery voting-rights march.
Johnson, Frank, Jr.(1918–99): Federal judge who supported civil rights in
Alabama.
Johnson, Lyndon(1908 –73): US president who waged a war on poverty
and secured the epic civil rights acts of 1964 and 1965.
Kennedy, John F.(1917–63): US president who called civil rights ‘a moral
issue,’ asked for comprehensive civil rights legislation, and desegregated the
universities of Mississippi and Alabama.
Kennedy, Robert(1925 – 68): US attorney general who enforced federal
court orders to desegregate the universities of Mississippi and Alabama.
King, Martin Luther, Jr.(1929–68): Charismatic Southern Baptist minister
who was America’s most prominent nonviolent civil rights champion until
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