Index I7Central Pacific Railroad, 448,
448–449
Central Park, 290f
Central Powers, in World War I, 613,
616–618
Century, 525
Ceramic vessels, 10f
Cereal crops, 12
Cervera, Pascual, 593, 594
Chaco Canyon, 8, 11, 12
Chain stores, 840
Challengerspace shuttle, 807
Chamberlain, John, 569
Chamberlain, Neville, 705
Chambers, Whittaker, 748
Champlain, Samuel, 46
Chancellorsville, battle of, 393f
Channing, Edward, 394
Chaplin, Charlie, 649
Chapman, Ben, 756f
Chapultepec, Battle of, 307f
Charbonneau, Toussaint, 184
Charles I (king), 40
execution of, 68
puritans and, 36–37
Charles II (king), 42, 68
Charles River Bridgecase, 243, 243f
Charleston, 63, 125
Charleston (dance), 651
Charleston in 1831(Bernard), 258f
Charleston Mercury, 258
Charlestown colony, 41
Charles V (king), 27
Charlie Wilson’s War(film), 812
Charter of Privileges of Patroons, 42
Chase, Salmon P., 315, 372, 377, 411
Chase, Samuel, 177
Chauncey, George, 648
Chautauqua movement, 525
Chávez, César, 822f, 823, 826
Checks and balances, 149
Cheney, Dick, 857, 859
Cherokee Indians, 255–256, 258
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, 256
Chertoff, Michael, 864
Chesapeake(ship), 188–189
Chesapeake colonies, 56, 58
agriculture in, 58, 60–61
headright system in, 58
slavery in, 58, 60, 62
Chevalier, Michel, 252
Cheves, Langdon, 211, 252–253
Chevy Nomad, 736–737
Cheyenne Indians, 436, 437
Chiang Kai-shek, 673, 745, 750
Chicago(film), 644–645
Chicago, Illinois
foreign-born population in, 496
infrastructure of, 497
railroads and, 340
Chicago school, 561, 645
Chicanos, 823
Chickamauga, Battle of, 389
Chief Joseph, 441
Child, Lydia Maria, 274, 284, 423
Child labor, in 18th and 19th cen-
turies, 225, 228
Child labor laws, 334, 557f, 564,
618, 687–688, 697
Child-rearing
Dr. Spock and, 826
scientific, 641, 643
Children
in 1920s, 641, 643
colonial, 56
in late-nineteenth century, 487
in mid-nineteenth century, 274
orphans, 489f
puritan, 66, 66f
slave, 325
in southern colonies, 64
in workforce, 488f
Children Playing(Cassatt), 523f
Children’s Aid Society, 489f
Children’s Hospital, Adkins v., 564
Chile, 800
China
air pollution and, 875
American traders in, 187f
Boxer Rebellion, 602
communism in, 745
Japan and, 671–674, 704
Korean War and, 745, 746f
massive retaliation policy and, 750
missionaries in, 588, 589m, 602f
Nixon and, 787, 787f
Open Door policy and, 602–603
population in 1500, 13m
sixteenth-century, 13, 14f
trade route to, 21
trade with, 588
Vietnam and, 751
Chinese Exclusion Act, 436
Chinese immigrants
discrimination against, 436
railroad construction and,
448 f, 449
Chinn, Mae, 687f
Chinook Indians, 182f
Chippendale, Thomas, 224
Chisholm Trail, 450
Chivington, J.M., 437
Choctaw Indians, 255
Cholera, 498–499, 499m
Christendom, 14
Christian Commission, 391Christianity
conversion of Indians to, 44, 54, 55
French Revolution and, 191
Protestant Reformation, 27, 30
Social Gospel and, 504–506
spread of, in New World, 24
Chrysler Corporation, 802, 872
Chubbock, Emily, 228
Church, Frederic Edwin, 285f
Churches
New England, 67
post-Revolutionary, 137
in southern colonies, 64
Churchill, Ward, 47
Churchill, Winston, 706, 707
at Potsdam Conference, 733–734
Stalin and, 732–733
World War II and, 722
at Yalta Conference, 733, 733f
Church membership, 841–842
Church of England. SeeAnglican
Church
Church of Latter-Day Saints, 278
Cigarettes, 458, 643
Cincinnati Red Stocking, 503
Cinderella Man(film), 708–709
CIO.SeeCongress of Industrial
Organizations (CIO)
Circular Letter, 104–105
Cities
See alsoUrbanization
in 1920s, 640–643
African Americans in, 657
Chinese, 14f
diseases in, 498–499
emergence of, 13
ethnic neighborhoods in, 496, 823
expansion of, 495–497
housing in, 497, 500
immigrants in, 495–497, 540, 823
impact of railroads on growth of,
462–463
Indian, 10–12
infrastructure of, 497, 500
leisure activities in, 502–504
mining, 444
modernization of, 500–502
in nineteenth century, 486
overcrowding in, 495
political reform in, 561
poverty in, 332–333
problems in late nineteenth-century,
497–500
racial shifts in, 840m
railroads and, 340
settlement houses in, 506–507
social mobility in, 490
southern, 63, 326