Peace of (1177), 211
Venus, Cupid, and Mars (c.1495–1505) (Piero di Cosimo), 306 –7, 308 –9
Verdun, Treaty of (843), 101
vernacular language, 72 , 137 , 214 , 216 –17, 233 , 267 –68, 305 , 317. See also names of individual languages
Verona, 170 , 297
viaticum. See Eucharist
Vikings, 102 , 121 , 127 , 129 –30, 137 –39, 173 , 234
Virgin/Virgin Mary/Blessed Virgin/Madonna
definition of, 334
Visigothic Code. See law/laws/lawyers
Visigoths, 21 , 23 –24, 29 , 58 , 73
Vladimir, ruler of Rus’ (r.980–1015), 121 , 123
Volga River, 89 , 102 , 243
Waldensians, 233
Waldo, 233
Wales, 65 , 203 , 254 , 259
Walid I, al-, caliph (r.705–715), 56
Walter de Manny, 289 , 296
warfare, 53 , 80 –81, 89 , 98 , 134 , 137 , 217 , 278 , 317. See also army/armies; chivalric/chivalrous/chivalry;
knights; names of individual wars and battles; navy; Peace and Truce (of God); weapons/weaponry
Wars of the Roses, 295 –96
Wauquelin, Jean (d.1452), 317
weapons/weaponry, 4 , 22 , 98 , 129 , 148 , 288 –89, 295 –96
artillery, 295 , 317
Greek Fire, 40
Wearmouth, 66
Weland the Smith, 71 –72. See also Franks Casket
Welfs, 101 , 208
genealogy, 209
Wenceslas, Bohemian ruler, 145
Wessex, 129
Whitby, Synod of (664), 65 –66
Why God Became Man (Anselm of Bec), 192
Widia, 72. See also Franks Casket
Wijster, 21 –22, 58
William of Aquitaine, 132