Writing Academic English 4th Edition

222 PartIn ISentenceStructure

SanFranciscoiscoolduringthesummer,whereasLosAngelesis

generallyhot.

WhilemosthomesinSanFranciscodonothaveairconditioning,it

isa necessityinLosAngeles.

Notes

1.Whileandwhereashavethesamemeaningandareinterchangeable.

2.Usea commabetweenthetwoclausesnomatterwhichordertheyarein.

(ThisisanexceptiontothecommaTIlleforadverbclauses.)

3. Sincethetwoideasareexactopposites,youcanputthesubordinatorwith
   eitherclause,andtheclausescanbeineitherorder.Thus,theexamplescan
   bewritteninfourwayswithnochangeinmeaning:

SanFranciscois coolduringthesummer,whereasLosAngelesis generallyhot.

WhereasLosAngelesisgenerallyhotduringthesummer,SanFranciscois cool.

WhereasSanFranciscois coolduringthesummer,LosAngelesis generallyhot.

LosAngelesis generallyhotduringthesummer,whereasSanFranciscois cool.

while

1. _

2.

3.

whereas

Inthistype,theinformationintheadverbclauseandtheinformationintheinde-

pendentclauseareindirectcontrast.

Therearetwotypesofadverbclausesthatexpresscontrast:directoppositionclauses

andconcessionclauses.

B. LookatPartAanddecidewhichthreesentencesyoucanrewriteusingin

orderto+simpleverborto+simpleverb.Writethenewsentencesonthe

linesprovided.

DirectOppositionClauses.

ContrastClauses.