Dance Anatomy & Kinesiology

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Muscle Origin* Insertion** Primary action

Posterior muscles

Erector spinae (e-REK-tor SPEE-nuh): Spinalis

Spinalis cervicis

(spi-NA-lis ser-VIS-us)

Spinous processes of

C7 (sometimes T1-2)

Spinous processes

of C2-C4

Spinal extension

Spinal lateral flexion (same)

Spinalis thoracis

(spi-NA-lis tho-RA-sis)

Spinous processes

T11-L2

Spinous processes

of upper thoracic

vertebrae (T1-4 or T8)

Spinal extension

Spinal lateral flexion (same)

Erector spinae: Longissimus

Longissimus capitis

(lon-JIS-i-mus kah-PIT-us)

Transverse processes

of T1-4 or T5,

articular processes of

C4 or C5-7

Inferior, lateral skull

(mastoid process)

Extension of head

Lateral flexion of head and C spine (same)

Rotation of head (same)

Longissimus cervicis

(lon-JIS-i-mus ser-VIS-us)

Transverse processes

of T1-4 or T6

Transverse

processes of C2-6

C spinal extension

C spinal lateral flexion (same)

C spinal rotation (same)

Longissimus thoracis

(lon-JIS-i-mus tho-RA-sis)

Lumbar spinous

processes,

thoracolumbar fascia

Transverse pro-

cesses of T1-L5,

posteromedial portion

of lower 10 ribs

Spinal extension

Spinal lateral flexion (same)

Spinal rotation (same)

Erector spinae: Iliocostalis

Iliocostalis cervicis

(il-ee-o-kos-TA-lis ser-VIS-us)

3rd-6th rib angles Transverse

processes of C4-6

Spinal extension

Spinal lateral flexion (same)

Spinal rotation (same)

Iliocostalis thoracis

(il-ee-o-kos-TA-lis tho-RA-sis)

Upper borders of

angles of lower 6 ribs

Angles of upper

6 ribs, transverse

process of C7

Spinal extension

Spinal lateral flexion (same)

Spinal rotation (same)

Iliocostalis lumborum

(il-ee-o-kos-TA-lis lum-BOR-um)

Spinous processes

of T11-L5, posterior

sacrum, iliac crest

Inferior border of

angles of lower 6 or

7 ribs

Spinal extension

Spinal lateral flexion (same)

Spinal rotation (same)

Semispinalis

(sem-ee-spi-NA-lis)

Slips of muscles spanning several vertebrae

from the transverse processes of C4-T10 to

the posterior skull or spinous processes of

C2-T4

Extension of head and C spine

Lateral flexion of head and C spine (same)

Rotation of head and C spine (opposite)

Deep posterior spinal group 1. Spinous process to spinous process

(interspinales)

2. Transverse process to transverse process
   (intertransversales)


3. Transverse process to laminae of
   vertebra above (rotatores)


4. Generally transverse process to spinous
   processes above (multifidus)

Stabilization

Local spinal extension

Local spinal lateral flexion (same)

Local spinal rotation (opposite)

Lateral muscles

Quadratus lumborum

(kwod-RA-tus lum-BOR-um)

Posterior iliac crest,

iliolumbar ligament

12th rib, tips

of transverse

processes L1-4

Fixes or depresses lower rib

Spinal lateral flexion (same)

Stabilizes spine and pelvis

*Inferior, lateral, or proximal attachment for anterior muscles; inferior attachment for posterior and lateral spinal muscles.
**Superior, medial, or distal attachment for anterior muscles; superior attachment for posterior and lateral spinal muscles.

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