Index 529P
pacemaker cells 34
palmar 18, 18t
palmar aspect of hand 17f
parallel component 50
parallel elastic components 36
pars interarticularis 95
partnering
and arm support 412
and spine protection 118–120
passé 166, 169
passive components 36
passive insufficiency 57–58, 59f
with finger flexion 433
patella 3f, 10f
bony landmarks 238–239, 239f
functions 256–257, 259f
law of valgus 259–260
movements 257
“pull up your knees” 52
Q angle and tracking 260
tracking 68
patellar tendon 251f
patellofemoral joint
alignment 258
anterior and posterior view 258f
compressive forces 260–261, 262f
law of valgus 259–260
mechanics 258–261
muscles 257–258
Q angle 258
structure 256
patellofemoral pain syndrome 289–291
and forcing turnout 269
pectineus 60f, 468f
actions and attachments 173, 176
anterior view 176f
attachment to bone 176f, 177f
pectoralis major
actions 45
anterior view 393f
attachments and actions 387–388
location 60f
pedicles 72, 73f
pelvic-femoral rhythm 184–185
pelvic girdle 9
basin image 164
joint structure 159–161
lumbar-pelvic rhythm 183f
movements 159–161
neutral position 177
pelvic-femoral rhythm 184–185
role 158
pelvic tilt 161
during abdominal exercises 123–124
and alignment 164
anterior and posterior 177–178
and back extensions 208
and closed kinematic chain movements
181–182
exercise 134t
and fatigue posture 100
during grand plié 267f
lateral 178
neutral position 177
posterior, and rectus abdominis 82
rotation 178
and side développé 206f
Trendelenburg sign 189, 191
pelvis
alignment and distal joint mechanics
477
bones 158–161
bony landmarks 158–161
closed kinematic chain movements
181–182
common alignment problems 474–475t
and ideal postural alignment 94–95
and lumbar curvature 81
mechanics 181–186
sacroiliac inflammation and dysfunc-
tion 234–235
stabilization 185–186
stress fractures 230
penniform muscle 41
perimysium 41
periosteum 4f, 5
permanent deformation 36
peroneus 61f
peroneus brevis 317–318
peroneus longus 317, 469f
peroneus tertius 312
pes anserinus 257–258
pes cavus 325–326
pes planus 325–326, 327
phalanges 299f
of foot 10, 298, 300
of hand 9, 425
phases of movement 466
grand jeté en avant 492–499
running 490–492
phasic muscles 40
piezoelectric effect 6
piriformis 169–170, 175, 233–234
pirouette 56
pivot joints 15, 16–17t
uniaxial classification 28
plane joints 15
planes, anatomical 18–19, 19t
in complex movement 22
dance movements within 21f
and motions of spine 79
planes, median 17f
plantar 18, 18t
plantar aspect of foot 17f
plantar fascia 307f
plantar fasciitis 362
plantar flexion 23t, 27
and ankle sprain 360f
and ankle stability 330–331
muscular analysis 331–332
normal range of motion 353t
and pointe work 336–337
range of motion for dancers 354
range of motion tests 355
strengthening exercises 342–343
stretching 353–354, 357t
plantar interossei 322f
plantaris 248
plica 239
plié. See also grand plié
alignment problems 476–477
electromyography 273
wall plié and muscle activation 199
plumb line and alignment 94
plyometrics 54
pointe work
beginning 339–340
and hallux valgus 329
plantar flexion strength 336–337
plantar flexion strengthening 342–343
“point from the top of the foot” 339
range of motion tests 355
strengthening exercises 343–351tstretches 354–355, 358t
popliteus 247f, 248, 251f
posterior 17, 18t
posterior cruciate ligament 240f, 241, 242
posterior crural muscles 312–314
posterior deltoid 61f
posterior intercondylar areas 238
posterior longitudinal ligament 75
posterior pelvic tilt 82, 177–178
posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) 158f,
159, 160–161
posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL) 304
post meniscofemoral ligament (of Wris-
berg) 243f
postural alignment 93–95, 101. See also
alignment
pregnancy
and diastasis recti 82
and os coxae 160
preparatory movements 54
prestretch 54
primary curvature of spine 73f, 81
primary ossification site 5
prime mover(s) 54
principal planes 18
processes of vertebrae 73
pronation 23t, 27, 422f
excessive 334–335
and foot mechanics 331
influence on dorsiflexion range of
motion 354
muscles 423
during walking 334–335
pronator quadratus 418
pronator teres 418
prone 17
proprioception of foot 353
proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation
(PNF) 67
proximal 18t
proximal attachment of muscle 43
PSIS 159
psoas major 85–86, 90t
actions and attachments 174
anterior view 176f
attachment to bone 176f
psoas minor 176f
psoas paradox 108
pubic crest 158f
pubic symphysis 13, 160
and neutral pelvic position 177
pubis 9, 158, 158f
pubofemoral ligament 161
“pull up your knees” 52
push-up
shoulder complex muscles 403
strengthening exercises 434t
test 445
Q
Q angle 189, 258, 259f, 260
quadratus femoris 169–170
actions and attachments 175
quadratus lumborum 89, 91t, 93 f
anterior view 176f
and lateral flexion 111
quadratus plantae 322f
quadriceps femoris 60f, 244, 246f, 468f
flexibility test 284
overdevelopment 271, 273–274
and patella function 68
and patellofemoral joint 257–258