on conductus, 198 –99, 403
mensural notation treatise by, 215 , 248
See also Franconian notationFranco-Roman chant. See Gregorian chant,
Frankish mode theory, 28 –29, 48 , 72 –104, 553 , 587
classification and, 74 –75, 378 –80
composition and, 80 –86
Hermann Contractus and, 99 –100
versus and, 86 –95Franks, 2 –5
Carolingian Empire, 2 –7, 106 , 141
chant and, 5 –7, 13 , 21 , 40 , 234
chant and liturgical reform of, 37 –67, 111 , 298
“Credo I” and, 34
harmony and, 147
high art doctrine and, 459
hymns and, 41 –43, 47 –49
Mass ordinary standardization by, 53 –62
monastic music theory and, 71 –76
music treatise of, 17 , 44 , 45
neumes and, 14 –18, 62
notation and, 28 , 47
polyphony and, 44 –47, 45
tonaries and, 72 –76
tropes and, 50 –53
See also Frankish modal theoryFrauenlob (Heinrich von Meissen), 140 , 141
Frederick I (Barbarossa), Holy Roman Emperor, 134
Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, 135
free-standing note (nota simplex), 187 , 192 , 197 , 209 , 217
French language, 102
accent signs, 14
Italian mercantile elite and, 367
motet text in, 219 , 220French Revolution, 579
decimal system and, 253“Frère Jacques” (round), 331 , 399
Frescobaldi, Girolamo, 821 , 823