Opus musicum (Gallus/Handl), 679 , 772
oral tradition, 1 –35, 583
ballata and, 364 , 366 , 374
British, 387 –88, 399 , 403 , 407
chromatic adjustments and, 275
current popular tunes and, 18
diatonic pitch set and, 30 , 31
Gregorian chant and, 6 –12, 13 , 17 –20, 26 –29, 157
harmonizing and, 168 , 437 , 472
imitative pieces, 336
improvisation and, 17 –18, 666 –67
Landini and, 374
literacy beginnings from, 1
Minnesingers and, 137 –38
mnemonic devices and, 39 , 162
mode extraction from, 76 –86
modern church music and, 27
monodic revolution and, 816 –17, 821
Notre Dame polyphony and, 184 , 186
Old Roman chant and, 62
organ accompaniment and, 437 , 607 , 617 , 781 , 782
ornamentation and, 697 , 783 , 816 –17
polyphony and, 46 –47, 161 –62, 168 , 178 , 185 , 392
“Reading Rota” and, 392
sixteenth-century performance practices and, 617 –21
staff notation and, 185
troubadour art as, 108 , 109 , 110
unwritten conventions and, 46 , 261
vernacular song and, 696 –97
vocal harmony and, 392 , 394oratorio, origins of, 834
Oratorio del Crocifisso, 809
orchestra,
first examples of, 791
seventeenth-century innovations and, 798orchestral music. See instrumental music
orchestral symphony. See symphony