BaSiC StrateGieS For CommUNiCatioN
25.1125.11.5 Giving examplesTo give examples, use these expressions to introduce your remarks:
比方说/比方說 bǐfang shuō ‘for example’ (+ sentence)中文跟英文不同。比方说，中文有声调，英文没有。
中文跟英文不同。比方說，中文有聲調，英文沒有。
Zhōngwén gén Yīngwén bù tóng. Bǐfang shuō, Zhōngwén yǒu shēngdiào,
Yīngwén méi yǒu.
Chinese and English are different. For example, Chinese has tones, English doesn’t
have tones.
例如 lìrú ‘for example’ (+ sentence)请你说一下你是怎么学中文的，例如每天花多少时间，听多少时间录音，等等。
請你說一下你是怎麼學中文的，例如每天花多少時間，听多少時間錄音，等等。
Qǐng nǐ shuō yīxià nǐ shì zěnme xué Zhōngwén de, lìrú měitiān huā duōshao
shíjiān, tīng duōshao shíjiān lùyīn, děng děng.
Please tell (me) how you study Chinese, for example, how many hours you spend
every day, how long you listen to recordings, etc.
譬如 pìrú ‘for example’ (used the same way as 例如 lìrú, but in more formal contexts)举例来说/舉例來說 jǔlì láishuō ‘to give an example’ (+ sentence)
中国话有很多词可以重叠，举例来说，走走，哥哥，天天，等。
中國話有很多詞可以重疊，舉例來說，走走，哥哥，天天，等。
Zhōngguó huà yǒu hěn duō cí kěyǐ chóngdié, jǔ lì lái shuō, zǒu zǒu, gēge,
tiāntiān, děng.
The Chinese language has a lot of words that can be reduplicated, for example,
‘zou zou,’ ‘gege,’ ‘tiantian,’ etc.25.11.6 Summarizing and concluding
To summarize and conclude, use these expressions to introduce your remarks:总而言之/總而言之 zǒng’éryánzhī ‘in other words, to put it another way’
这件事我们已经谈了很多次了。总而言之，希望我们能互相信任。
這件事我們已經談了很多次了。總而言之，希望我們能互相信任。
Zhè jiàn shì wǒmen yǐjing tán le hěn duō cì le. Zǒng’éryánzhī, xīwàng wǒmen
néng hùxiāng xìnrèn.
We’ve talked about this matter many times before. To put it another way, I hope we
can trust each other.总括来说/總括來說 zǒngkuò láishuō ‘to sum up’
总括来说，中国文字太复杂，需要改革。
總括來說，中國文字太複雜，需要改革。
Zǒngkuò láishuō, Zhōngguó wénzì tài fùzá, xūyào gǎigé.
To sum things up, the Chinese language is too complicated and needs to be revised.最后/最後 zuìhòu ‘finally’
以下是我的看法，最后希望各位能多提意见。
以下是我的看法，最後希望各位能多提意見。
Yǐxià shì wǒde kànfǎ, zuìhòu xīwàng gè wèi néng duō tí yìjian.What follows is my opinion. Finally, I hope that everyone will provide feedback.