110 CHAPTER^8 Choosing Supporting Materials
importance of sanitary procedures for body piercings, Katrina displayed graphic pictures
of piercings-gone-wrong to support her goals of increasing her listeners’ understanding
(“I see what you mean!”), getting them emotionally engaged (“That’s repulsive!”), and
motivating them to act (“I will never get a piercing under unsanitary conditions!”).
Metaphorical images are common in advertising,^42 where fluffy kittens pose beside
a box of tissues to imply “softness” or where a flower beside a deodorant implies “pleasant
smell.” Speakers sometimes use them in talks on subjects such as diversity, where meta-
phorical images in rainbow colors suggest the variety of beliefs and behaviors in a group.
Margaret LaWare^43 examined the messages conveyed in Chicano/a murals in
Chicago. She says these murals make statements or arguments about ethnic pride, com-
munity activism, and cultural revitalization. Their images combine to define identity,
reflect people’s needs, and celebrate their histories. LaWare believes “the murals argue
that Mexican American people need not assimilate or give up their culture to survive in
an urban center that is both geographically and socially distant from Mexico and from
the Southwest.”^44Think Critically about Visual Evidence
Images tell a story, but not necessarily the whole story, and sometimes they tell a mis-
leading story to promote a particular point of view. For example, a photographer with
a negative attitude toward an issue might take a wide shot of a sparse crowd at a rally
to indicate how few attended; however, another photographer with a positive attitude
might choose a close-up of a single, intensely involved participant to emphasize the
importance of the topic.
Analyze the photographs on your college or university’s website. Your school uses
them to imply messages such as “you will make lifelong friendships if you come here,”
or “professors are accessible to students,” or “the campus is lovely.” Typically, the photo-
graphs, while technically “true,” fail to tell the entire story. Compare the photographs to
your personal experiences by answering the following questions:metaphorical image
implies the subject
© iStockphoto.com/carlofornitanoA photograph of a child who
is obviously thrilled by being
in contact with a horse helps
explain the concept of equine
therapy.
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