464 Notes
Communication Quarterly 54.1 (February 2006): 111–25;
Judy C. Pearson, Jeffrey T. Child, and David H. Kahl,
Jr., “Preparation Meeting Opportunity: How Do College
Students Prepare for Pubic Speeches?” Communication
Quarterly 54.3 (August 2006): 351–66.- Filson, Executive Speeches.
- Filson, Executive Speeches.
Chapter 14 Designing and Using Presentation
Aids - Emil Bohn and David Jabusch, “The Effect of Four Methods
of Instruction on the Use of Visual Aids in Speeches,”
Western Journal of Speech Communication 46 (Summer 1982):
253–65. - J. S. Wilentz, The Senses of Man (New York: Crowell, 1968).
- Michael E. Patterson, Donald F. Dansereau, and Dianna
Newbern, “Effects of Communication Aids and Strategies
on Cooperative Teaching,” Journal of Educational Psychol-
ogy 84 (1992): 453–61. - Louise Rehling, “Teaching in a High-Tech Conference
Room: Academic Adaptations and Workplace Simula-
tions,” Journal of Business and Technical Communication 19.1
(January 2005): 98–113. - Richard E. Mayer and Valerie K. Sims, “For Whom Is a
Picture Worth a Thousand Words?: Extensions of a Dual-
Coding Theory of Multimedia Learning,” Journal of Educa-
tional Psychology 86 (1994): 389–401. - Brent Filson, Executive Speeches: Tips on How to Write and
Deliver Speeches from 51 CEOs (New York: Wiley, 1994) 212. - Dale Cyphert, “The Problem of PowerPoint: Visual Aid
or Visual Rhetoric?” Business Communication Quarterly
(March 2004): 80–84. - Andrew Wilson, “In Defense of Rhetoric,” Toastmaster 70.2
(February 2004): 8–11. - Roxanne Parrott, Kami Silk, Kelly Dorgan, Celeste Condit,
and Tina Harris, “Risk Comprehension and Judgments
of Statistical Evidentiary Appeals: When a Picture Is Not
Worth a Thousand Words,” Human Communication Research
31 (July 2005): 423–52. - We acknowledge Dan Cavanaugh’s excellent supplement
Preparing Visual Aids for Presentation (Boston: Allyn &
Bacon/Longman, 2001) as a source for many of our tips
and suggestions. - Rebecca B. Worley and Marilyn A. Dyrud, “Presentations
and the PowerPoint Problem,” Business Communication
Quarterly 67 (March 2004): 78–80. - For a good discussion of how to develop and use Power-
Point visuals, see Jerry Weissman, Presenting to Win: The
Art of Telling Your Story (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Financial
Times/Prentice Hall, 2003). - We thank Stan Crowley, a student at Texas State University,
for his permission to use his speech outline.
Chapter 15 Speaking to Inform - John R. Johnson and Nancy Szczupakiewicz, “The Public
Speaking Course: Is It Preparing Students with Work-
Related Public Speaking Skills?” Communication Education
36 (April 1987): 131–37.
2. Pamela J. Hinds, “The Curse of Expertise: The Effects of
Expertise and Debiasing Methods on Predicting Novice
Performance,” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied
5 (1999): 205–21. Research summarized in Chip Heath and
Dan Heath, Made to Stick: Why Some Ideas Survive and Others
Die (New York: Random House, 2007) 19–21.
3. Joseph L. Chesebro, “Effects of Teacher Clarity and
Nonverbal Immediacy on Student Learning, Receiver
Apprehension, and Affect,” Communication Education 52
(April 2003): 135–47.
4. Malcolm Knowles, The Adult Learner: A Neglected Species,
3rd ed. (Houston: Gulf Publishing, 1990).
5. Stephen A. Beebe, Timothy P. Mottet, and K. David Roach,
Training and Development: Communicating for Success
(Boston: Pearson, 2013).
6. Katherine E. Rowan, “A New Pedagogy for Explanatory
Public Speaking: Why Arrangement Should Not Substitute
for Invention,” Communication Education 44 (1995): 236–50.
7. Philip Yancy, Prayer: Does It Make Any Difference? (Grand
Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2006) 20.
8. Michael A. Boerger and Tracy B. Henley, “The Use of
Analogy in Giving Instructions,” Psychological Record 49
(1999): 193–209.
9. Heath and Heath, Made to Stick, 63–64.
10. Marcie Groover, “Learning to Communicate: The Importance
of Speech Education in Public Schools,” Winning Orations
1984 (Mankato, MN: Interstate Oratorical Association,
1984) 7.
11. As cited in Eleanor Doan, The New Speaker’s Sourcebook
(Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1968).
12. C. S. Lewis, “On Stories,” Essays Presented to Charles
Williams, C. S. Lewis, ed. (Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 1947); also see Walter R. Fisher, Communication as
Narration: Toward a Philosophy of Reason, Value, and Action
(Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1987).
13. Christopher Booker, The Seven Basic Plots: Why We Tell
Stories (London: Continuum, 2004). The theory that all
stories are about “finding home” is from Steven A. Beebe,
C. S. Lewis: Chronicles of a Master Communicator (San Marcos,
TX: Texas State University, 2013).
14. Heath and Heath, Made to Stick.
15. Roger Fringer, “Choosing a Speech Topic,” Student Speeches
Video, 1st ed. (Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 2003).
16. See Bruce W. A. Whittlesea and Lisa D. Williams, “The
Discrepancy-Attribution Hypothesis II: Expectation, Un-
certainty, Surprise, and Feelings of Familiarity,” Journal of
Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition
2 (2001): 14–33; also see Suzanne Hidi, “Interest and Its
Contribution as a Mental Resource for Learning,” Review
of Educational Research 60 (1990): 549–71; Mark Sadoski,
Ernest T. Goetz, and Maximo Rodriguez, “Engaging Texts:
Effects of Concreteness of Comprehensibility, Interest, and
Recall in Four Text Types,” Journal of Educational Psychology
92 (2000): 85–95.
17. Heath and Heath, Made to Stick, 51–52.
18. George Miller, “The Magical Number Seven, Plus or
Minus Two,” Psychological Review 63 (1956): 81–97.
19. D. K. Cruickshank and J. J. Kennedy, “Teacher Clarity,”
Teaching & Teacher Education 2 (1986): 43–67.
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