468 Notes
- John Dewey, How We Think (Boston: Heath, 1910).
- P. L. McLeod, “Effects of Anonymity and Social Com-
parison of Rewards on Computer-Mediated Group Brain-
storming,” Small Group Research 42 (2011): 475–503; H.
Barki, “Small Group Brainstorming and Idea Quality: Is
Electronic Brainstorming the Most Effective Approach?”
Small Group Research 32 (2001): 158–205; B. A. Nijstad, W.
Stroebe, and H. F. M. Lodewijkx, “Cognitive Stimulation
and Interference in Groups: Exposure Effects in an Idea
Generation Task,” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
38 (2002): 535–44; E. F. Rietzchel, B. A. Jijstad, and W.
Stroebe, “Productivity Is Not Enough: A Comparison of
Interactive and Nominal Brainstorming Groups on Idea
Generation and Selection,” Journal of Experimental Social
Psychology 42 (2006): 244–51; also see P. B. Paulus, M. T.
Dzindolet, H. Coskun, and V. K. Putman, “Social and
Cognitive Influences in Group Brainstorming: Predicting
Production Gains and Losses,” European Review of Social
Psychology 12 (2002): 299–326. - K. L. Dugosh, P. B. Paulus, E. J. Roand, and H. C. Yang,
“Cognitive Stimulation in Brainstorming,” Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology 79 (2000): 722–35. - R. Y. Hirokawa and A. J. Salazar, “Task-Group Commu-
nication and Decision-Making Performance,” in L. Frey,
ed., The Handbook of Group Communication Theory and
Research (Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1999) 167–91; D. Gouran
and R. Y. Hirokawa, “Functional Theory and Communi-
cation in Decision-Making and Problem-Solving Groups:
An Expanded View,” in R. Y. Hirokawa and M. S. Poole,
eds., Communication and Group Decision Making (Thousand
Oaks: Sage, 1996) 55–80. - C. A. VanLear and E. A. Mabry, “Testing Contrasting In-
teraction Models for Discriminating between Consensual
and Dissentient Decision-Making Groups,” Small Group
Research 30 (1999): 29–58; also see T. J. Saine and D. G.
Bock, “A Comparison of the Distributional and Sequential
Structures of Interaction in High and Low Consensus
Groups,” Central States Speech Journal 24 (1973): 125–39. - Randy Y. Hirokawa and Roger Pace, “A Descriptive Inves-
tigation of the Possible Communication-Based Reasons
for Effective and Ineffective Group Decision Making,”
Communication Monographs 50 (December 1983): 363–79. - Randy Y. Hirokawa, “Group Communication and
Problem-Solving Effectiveness: An Investigation of Group
Phases,” Human Communication Research 9 (Summer 1983):
291–305. - Dennis S. Gouran, “Variables Related to Consensus
in Group Discussion of Question of Policy,” Speech
Monographs 36 (August 1969): 385–91.
13. For a summary of research about conflict management
in small groups, see S. M. Farmer and J. Roth, “Conflict-
Handling Behavior in Work Groups: Effects of Group
Structure, Decision Processes, and Time,” Small Group
Research 29 (1998): 669–713; also see Beebe and Masterson,
Communicating in Small Groups; J. Sell, M. J. Lovaglia, E. A.
Mannix, C. D. Samuelson, and R. K. Wilson, “Investigating
Conflict, Power, and Status Within and Among Groups,”
Small Group Research 30 (1999): 44–72; K. J. Behfar, E. A.
Mannix, R. S. Peterson, and W. M. Trochim, “Conflict in
Small Groups: The Meaning and Consequences of Process
Conflict,” Small Group Research 42 (2011): 127–76; L. L.
Greer, H. M. Caruso, and K. A. Jehn, “The Bigger They
Are, the Harder They Fall: Linking Team Power, Team
Conflict, and Performance,” Organizational Behavior and
Human Decision Process 116 (2011): 166–68.
14. Ralph White and Ronald Lippitt, “Leader Behavior and
Member Reaction in Three ‘Social Climates,’” in Darwin
Cartwright and Alvin Zander, eds., Group Dynamics, 3rd
ed. (New York: Harper & Row, 1968) 319.
15. Peter M. Senge, “Leading Learning Organizations,” in
Richard Beckhard et al., eds., The Leader of the Future (San
Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1996); Bernard M. Bass and M. J.
Avolio, “Transformational Leadership and Organizational
Culture,” International Journal of Public Administration 17
(1994): 541–54; Lynn Little, “Transformational Leader-
ship,” Academic Leadership 15 (November 1999): 4–5.
16. Francis Y. Yammarino and Alan J. Dubinsky, “Transfor-
mational Leadership Theory: Using Levels of Analysis to
Determine Boundary Conditions,” Personnel Psychology 47
(1994): 787–809; L. Little, “Transformational Leadership,”
Academic Leadership 15 (November 1999): 4–9.
Appendix B Speeches for Analysis and Discussion - Martin Luther King Jr., “I Have a Dream,” reprinted by
arrangement with The Heirs to the Estate of Martin Luther
King Jr., c/o Writers House, as agent for the proprietor,
New York, NY. Copyright 1963. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.,
copyright renewed in 1991 Coretta Scott King.
2. Barack Obama, “Inaugural Address,” as appeared in Daily
Compilation of Presidential Documents. January 21, 2013.
3. Daniel Rose, Burstyn Memorial Lecture at Hunter College,
New York City, as appeared in Vital Speeches of the Day
(December 2012): 392–94.
4. Angelitta Armijo, “Elvis,” Texas State University student
speech, 2013.
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