952 Index
Mars, atmosphere
carbon dioxide, 302, 663, 769
carbonate weathering, of dust, 302,
305
climates
Hadley circulation, 307
Milankovitch cycles, 308, 311–312
past, 307–309
present, 306–307
warm, mechanisms for producing,
309–311
wind modification of surface,
312–314
greenhouse effect, 309–310
historical background, 301–302
hydrodynamic escape, 304
hydrogen, 304
impact escape, 304
methane, 306
models, 312
volatile inventories/history
sources/losses of volatiles,
304–306
volatile abundances, 302–304
volatile reservoirs, nonthermal escape,
305
water vapor, 302
WEH minimum abundance, 784
Mars, landing sites, 332–337
Ares Valles, 334, 337
Bonneville crater, 338
Chryse Planitia, 333, 334
evolution implications
chemical evolution/surface water,
346
eolian process, 346–347
geologic evolution/climate, 347–348
habitability, 348
igneous rock origins, 345–346
weathering, 346
geology
craters, 341–342
eolian deposits, 341
outcrop, 340–341
rocks, 340
soils, 341
Gusev Crater,Spiritlander, 335, 337
Meridiani Planum, 337
mineralogy/geochemistry
rocks, 342–345
soils, 345
missions
Mars Exploration Rovers, site
selection, 334
Mars Pathfinder, 333, 334
Opportunityrover, 335
Sojourner, 331, 340, 341, 342
Spiritlander, Gusev Crater, 301,
335, 337
Spiritrover, 337
Viking 1, Chryse Planitia, 333
radar properties, 756
in remotely sensed data, 336–340
global geochemical units,
338–340
surface characteristics, 336–338
Mars, surface and interior
Burns Cliff, 329
canyons, 323–324
carbonate weathering, of dust, 302
Chryse Basin, 308
crust, melt extract, 319
erosion and deposition
gullies, 308, 325
ice, 325–326
water, 324–325
wind, 326–327
global topography/physiography,
319–320
chaotic terrain, 319
Elysium bulge, 320
north-south asymmetry, 319
Tharsis bulge, 319–320
high altitude model, 769
impact cratering
crater morphology, 320–321
cratering rates, 320
mantle, chondritic, 318
Meridiani Planum, 328, 329
neutron energy range sensitivity,
783
outflow channels, 308, 309, 324–325
poles, 327
Ravi Vallis channel, 308
regolith, 302
subsurface, astrobiological potential,
882–883
surface conditions, 317–318
tectonics, 322
Terra Meridiani, 301
Tharsis bulge, 319
thermal inertia, 312
topography/physiography, 319–320
volcanism, 321–322
wind influence, 312–314
Mars Exploration Rovers (MERs)
instrumentation used on, 332
landing site selection, 334
liquid flow evidence findings, 301
Mars Expressorbiter, ESA, 301
Mars Global Surveyormission, 318, 334,
527
Mars Odysseyorbiter, 301, 883
gamma ray/neutron data sets, 775,
778, 782.21–22
gamma ray spectrometer, 782
Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA),
333Mars Pathfindermissions, 317, 327, 331,
332
landing sites, 333, 337
site selection, 334
mascons, Moon, 231
Maskelyne, Nevil, 60
mass
Asteroid Belt, 46–47
binary asteroids, 294
Charon, 544–545
Ganymede satellite, 450–451
Kuiper Belt, 618
Moon, 229–230
Sun, 99% of Solar System, 33
Triton, 485
mass-independent fractionation (MIF),
306
mass wasting, Galilean satellites, 444
Matson, D., 428
Mauna Loa volcano, Earth, 424
Maunder, Walter, 60, 66
Maunder Minimum, in solar activity, 224
Maxwell, James Clerk, 63
Mbale (Uganda) L6 meteorite shower,
256
McCord, Tom, 294
Menzel, Donald, 68
Mercury
Arecibo Observatory radar images, 130
atmosphere
observations, 662
surface-bounded exosphere, 661
basins, 123–125, 128, 132
craters, 117, 123–125, 127, 130, 834
echoes, 749
evolution, 123, 134
exosphere, 119–120, 317–318
general characteristics, 316
geology, history, 132–133
historical studies
19th century, 61
20th century, pre-space age, 66
illumination, Goldstone Solar System
radar, 746
inactive Moon of, 315
interior/magnetic field, 120–122
magnetosphere, 119.6, 225, 528
Mariner 10flyby mission, 121, 124,
135, 753, 834
MESSENGERmission, 225
missions
Mariner 10flyby mission, 117, 121,
124, 135, 753, 834
MESSENGER, 117, 131, 135,
137–138, 225
motion and temperature, 316–317
motion/temperature, 118–119
orbital velocity, 119
origin, 133–135