The Oxford History Of The Classical World

The central theme of this chapter is the Italian element in Roman history. Already under her early kings, before 509 B.C., Rome ...

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Map 8. The Growth Of Rome In Italy: In the early period of her history, Rome was no more than one city among many in Italy, her ...

Architectural Terracottas From Capua. The two antefixes (eaves ornaments) are both datable to the second half of the sixth centu ...

The most distinctive group within Italy is formed by the Greek colonies of the south, strung out along the coast from Cumae to T ...

Plan Of The Sanctuary At Pietrabbondante (c. 100-91 B.C.). The grandest of the Sammte religious centres of the Republican period ...

Early Rome The city of Rome was formed by the linking of a number of villages; the consequence was that the Forum ceased to be u ...

also existed already under the monarchy two different ways in which the Roman people was organized as an assembly, the Comitia C ...

gods one worshipped the better. Apart from the creation of the militarily successful patrician-plebeian state, one other consequ ...

nature, for instance at Ostia at the mouth of the Tiber or at Minturnae at the mouth of the Liris. But those possessed of Roman ...

Centuriation In The Po Valley. The modern road and field system in this air photograph taken in 1945 clearly reveals its origins ...

On one hand, then, there was an almost violent expression of Roman control of the land; but on the other hand, the pattern of Ro ...

Latin territory in the south, leaving a few barely viable Etruscan enclaves, such as Tarquinii or Vulci. In the north, Etruscan ...

Dish In Genucilia Ware, Rome's answer to Greek-style painted pottery (fourth century B.C.). Both the female head wearing a diade ...

first invasion from overseas. We have already seen that the Greek cities of the south were faced from the fifth century onwards ...

sheer greed played a large part in swaying opinion. The action that led to war was to send an army to protect Messana, in the ha ...

approval of the gods was necessary and that with it Rome could not fail. The third century was not only, as Polybius observed, t ...

Meanwhile, however, the overseas wars which followed the Second Punic War were transforming the social and economic fabric of It ...

rear) is the next oldest, probably dedicate to Juturna in 241 BC. The circular temple B, in the middle, is thought to be that of ...

What is clear, however, is that Ti. Gracchus' attempt to resume public land in the hands of the rich in order to distribute it t ...