The Oxford History Of The Classical World

Black-And-White Mosaic in the Baths of Neptune at Ostia (c. A.D. 140). While second-century mosaicists in parts of northern Ital ...

products, representative of sculpture in decline; but as the figures of the Seasons or the Victory spandrels on the same Arch-or ...

Adlocutio Of Marcus Aurelius. This scene from Marcus's column (A.D. 180-95) can be compared with the same subject on the column ...

Envoi: On Taking Leave Of Antiquity (By Henry Chadwick) The ancient classical world is a large entity to take leave of. How did ...

Diocletian (Emperor 284-306, died 316 at Split), then by Constantine the Great (Emperor 306-37). From about 250 there was drasti ...

Constantine The Great: fragments of the gigantic statue from the Basilica of Constantine, Rome (c. A.D. 313). The full-size colu ...

each half at the head of the civil services. They were responsible for justice and taxation, but not for the army. Under them we ...

Theodosian Code was transmitted with a supplement of additional edicts or 'novels' for the years 438-58. The 'end of the western ...

Mosaic Of Justinian With Guards, Officials, And Clerics, in the church of San Vitale at Ravenna (c. A.D. 547). The Emperor, who ...

elementary instructions, designed to ensure that even students at law-school had a guidebook sealed with imperial authority. Bot ...

Interior Of The Cathedral Of St Sophia, Istanbul (A.D. 532-7), the crowning architectural achievement of Justinian's reign. The ...

chose to sit among the senators and spoke of himself as the enforcer of laws by which he felt himself bound, this was a critici ...

Before Diocletian introduced elaborate court ceremonial on the Persian model, Emperors were already being addressed as abstracti ...

from Horace's Ars Poetica or the Aeneid, was to be elevated above the common herd and to have access to positions of considerabl ...

it became a tendency to say nothing as elaborately as possible. Literary allusions could provide a kind of esoteric code in lett ...

normal means of communication in government administration and trade, but it was not used everywhere in the same way. The langua ...

The twentieth-century tensions between demotic and katharevousa are in part a distant legacy of the divergence between the self- ...

The dialogues of Plato that fascinated the Neoplatonists were Timaeus, Parmenides and Republic. The Timaeus set out Plato's cosm ...

the source of value. Augustine was especially fascinated by the fact that circumstances and motives are primary in evaluating th ...

being wholly harmful. Slaves were not a very large proportion of the ancient labour force, since the cost of a slave to his owne ...